Invokes the Backup utility (BACKUP) to perform the following
BACKUP operations:
o Make copies of disk files.
o Save disk files to a BACKUP save set.
o Restore files from a BACKUP save set to disk.
o Compare disk files with other disk files or files in a BACKUP
save set.
o List information about the files in a BACKUP save set.
o Create and list BACKUP journal files.
The two ways to back up your system disk are:
o If you have access to the CD-ROM for the current version of
OpenVMS Alpha, Integrity servers, or VAX, you can use the menu
system supplied on the CD-ROM to back up your system disk.
o If you do not have access to the CD-ROM for the current
version of OpenVMS VAX, you must use standalone BACKUP to
back up your system disk (VAX only). Standalone BACKUP is
a form of the Backup utility (VAX only) that you boot into
main memory (instead of executing under the control of the
operating system).
For more information about BACKUP and standalone BACKUP tasks,
see the HP OpenVMS System Manager's Manual.
Format:
BACKUP input-specifier output-specifier
1 – Parameters
input-specifier
Specifies the input for the BACKUP operation as either a file
specification, a BACKUP save-set specification, or a device name.
If the input specifier is a save-set specification on disk, you
must include the input save-set qualifier /SAVE_SET.
You can specify DECnet node names in save-set specifications
only. You can use wildcards characters in file specifications,
and in save-set specifications if they are on magnetic tape.
output-specifier
Specifies the output for the BACKUP operation. The output
specifier, like the input specifier, can be either a file
specification, a BACKUP save-set specification, or a device name.
If the output specifier is a save-set specification on disk, you
must include the output save-set qualifier /SAVE_SET.
You can specify DECnet node names in save-set specifications
only. You can use wildcard characters when the output specifier
is a Files-11 volume, but not when the output specifier
is a BACKUP save-set specifier or a volume created by a
BACKUP/PHYSICAL or BACKUP/IMAGE operation.
2 – Qualifiers
2.1 /ALIAS
/ALIAS save-set-spec (default)
/NOALIAS
NOTE
Use the /ALIAS qualifier only when you are restoring very
old save sets (from OpenVMS Version 6.2 or earlier). The
current default behavior is correct in nearly every other
situation. If you are in doubt about using this qualifier,
contact your HP support representative.
2.2 /ASSIST
/ASSIST (default)
/NOASSIST
Allows operator or user intervention during a BACKUP operation if
a magnetic tape mount request fails or if an operation requires
another volume. The /ASSIST qualifier causes BACKUP to send
messages to operator terminals when a failure occurs during
a BACKUP mount request or when an operation requires another
volume. The default is /ASSIST.
If you specify /NOASSIST, mount messages appear on your terminal
and are not sent to the operator. The /NOASSIST qualifier has no
effect if the logical name SYS$COMMAND points to a device that
is not a terminal (as is the case when you run BACKUP in a batch
job).
2.3 /BACKUP
Selects files according to the BACKUP date written in the file
header record by the BACKUP/RECORD command. Use this qualifier
with the /BEFORE or /SINCE qualifier, either of which provides
the system time value BACKUP uses to determine whether to process
a file.
When you use /BACKUP with /BEFORE, files with a BACKUP date prior
to the specified date or time are selected. Files with no BACKUP
date (that is, /RECORD was not specified when the file was saved
or copied) are also selected.
When you use /BACKUP with /SINCE, files with a BACKUP date equal
to or later than the specified date or time are selected. Files
with no BACKUP date (that is, /RECORD was not specified when the
file was saved or copied) are not selected.
Use the /BACKUP file-selection qualifier only with Files-11
Structure Levels 2 and 5 volumes. You cannot use /BACKUP with the
/CREATED, /MODIFIED, or /EXPIRED qualifiers in an image operation
or in a physical operation.
2.4 /BEFORE
/BEFORE=time
Selects files dated earlier than the date and time you specify.
Specify the date and time as a delta time or as an absolute time
using the format [dd-mmm-yyyy[:]][hh:mm:ss.cc]. You can also use
one of the following reserved words to specify the date and time:
BACKUP The BACKUP date of the file written by a previous
BACKUP/RECORD operation (available only on Files-11
Structure Levels 2 or 5 volumes)
TODAY The current day, month, and year at 00:00:00.0
o'clock
TOMORROW 24 hours after midnight last night
YESTERDAY 24 hours before midnight last night
The /BEFORE qualifier is not valid in incremental restore
operations.
2.5 /BLOCK_SIZE
/BLOCK_SIZE=n
Specifies the output block size, in bytes, for data records in
BACKUP save sets and in disk-to-disk copies. You can specify a
block size between 2048 and 65,535 bytes. BACKUP may adjust this
value according to the constraints of the BACKUP format.
The default block size for magnetic tapes is 8192 bytes. The
default for disks is 32,256 bytes.
For a disk-to-disk operation, the block size specifies the
internal size of the copy buffers. The default block size in
this case is 33,040 bytes.
2.6 /BRIEF
Causes the /LIST qualifier to display the file specification,
size (in blocks), and creation date for each file in the save
set. The /BRIEF qualifier is valid only with the /LIST qualifier
and is the default format for BACKUP listings.
2.7 /BUFFER_COUNT
/BUFFER_COUNT=n
This qualifier is obsolete. You can still specify the /BUFFER_
COUNT qualifier, although it has no effect. (This ensures that
command procedures containing this qualifier will still operate
correctly.) HP recommends that you remove the /BUFFER_COUNT
qualifier from command procedures.
2.8 /BY_OWNER
/BY_OWNER[=[uic]]
/BY_OWNER[=option]
As an input file-selection qualifier, /BY_OWNER causes BACKUP
to process files owned by the specified UIC. Specify the UIC as
octal numbers or in alphanumeric format (in the form [g,m]). Note
that the UIC specification must include the brackets. UIC formats
are described in the OpenVMS User's Manual. If you specify this
qualifier without a UIC, the default UIC is the current process
UIC. If you do not specify this qualifier, BACKUP processes all
files on the volume.
As an output file qualifier, /BY_OWNER redefines the owner UIC
for each file restored during the operation. As an output save-
set qualifier, /BY_OWNER specifies the owner UIC of the save set.
If you omit the /BY_OWNER qualifier, the save set receives the
UIC of the current process. To use /BY_OWNER as an output save-
set qualifier, you must have the SYSPRV user privilege or the UIC
must be your own.
2.9 /COMMENT
/COMMENT=string
Places the string that you supply into the BACKUP summary record
of the output save set. Enclose the string in quotation marks ("a
string") if it contains a space or nonalphanumeric characters. A
DCL command can contain a maximum of 1024 characters.
2.10 /COMPARE
Causes BACKUP to compare the contents of the first parameter
with the contents of the second parameter. The first parameter
can be a Files-11 file, a wildcard character representing a
group of files, a BACKUP save set, or a disk device. The second
parameter must be a Files-11 disk file or files, or a Files-11
disk device. Unless you also specify the /PHYSICAL qualifier, the
disk volume must be a Files-11 volume. If a file does not compare
successfully, BACKUP displays an error message.
2.11 /CONFIRM
Displays prompts on your terminal for confirmation before
processing each file. If you want the file to be processed, enter
Y or YES and press Return.
2.12 /CONVERT
/CONVERT
/NOCONVERT
Converts ODS-5 file names to ODS-2 file names. To preserve the
output volume as ODS-2, you must also use the /NOINIT qualifier.
Be aware that all ODS-5 file attributes are lost if you convert
from an ODS-5 file name to an ODS-2 file name.
You can also use the /NOCONVERT qualifier.
2.13 /CRC
/CRC (default)
/NOCRC
As an input save-set qualifier, /CRC causes the software cyclic
redundancy check (CRC) encoded in the save set's data blocks
to be checked (/CRC) or ignored (/NOCRC). If you ignore the CRC
encoding, you reduce processing time at the risk of increasing
data error.
As an output save-set qualifier, /CRC specifies that software
CRC checking code is to be computed and stored in the data blocks
of the output save set. To disable CRC checking, use the /NOCRC
qualifier.
2.14 /CREATED
Selects files according to the value of the creation date field
in each file header record.
Use this qualifier with the /BEFORE or /SINCE qualifier, either
of which provides the system time value BACKUP uses to determine
whether to process a file.
2.15 /DATA_FORMAT
Use this qualifier for creating and restoring compressed save
sets. You can specify the /DATA_FORMAT qualifier anywhere on the
BACKUP command line.
2.16 /DELETE
Specifies that a BACKUP save or copy operation is to delete the
selected input files from the input volume after all files have
been successfully processed.
Sufficient user privilege is required to delete files. If you use
/DELETE with the /VERIFY qualifier, files that fail verification
are not deleted.
2.17 /DENSITY
/DENSITY=n
Specifies the recording density of the output magnetic tape. Use
a value that is supported by the magnetic tape drive.
If you do not specify the /DENSITY qualifier, the default density
is the current density of the magnetic tape drive. You must
specify the output save-set qualifier /REWIND with /DENSITY.
2.18 /ENCRYPT
/ENCRYPT=([key] [,ALGORITHM=algorithm])
Creates and restores encrypted save sets. Specify the /ENCRYPT
qualifier anywhere on the BACKUP command line.
NOTE
Standalone BACKUP, which is a version of the BACKUP utility
that runs without the support of the OpenVMS operating
system, does not support the /ENCRYPT qualifier.
Optionally, you can specify either a key name or a key value, but
not both. If you have already defined a key value using the DCL
command ENCRYPT/CREATE_KEY, you can specify /ENCRYPT=NAME=key-
name to identify the key name that was created and stored in the
key storage table.
To define a key value interactively, specify /ENCRYPT=VALUE=key-
value,
where key-value is one of the following:
o 1 to 243 alphanumeric characters enclosed in quotation
marks (""). Dollar signs ($) and underscores (_) are valid
characters. The key is not case sensitive.
o A hexadecimal constant using the digits 0 to 9 and A to F.
NOTE
For additional security, specify the /ENCRYPT qualifier with
no parameters and press Return. The command prompts you for
a key value. When you enter a value, the software does not
echo what you type and, for verification, prompts you to
retype the value.
2.19 /EXACT_ORDER
Depending on the other qualifiers you specify on the command
line, the /EXACT_ORDER qualifier allows you to perform the
following actions:
o Specify the exact order of tape volume labels that you want to
use in a BACKUP operation.
o Preserve the existing volume label on a tape.
o Prevent previous volumes of a multivolume save operation from
being overwritten.
2.20 /EXCLUDE
/EXCLUDE=(file-spec[,...])
Excludes files that otherwise meet the selection criteria for
a save or copy operation. If you specify more than one file,
separate the file specifications with commas and enclose the list
in parentheses.
Do not use a device specification when defining the files to be
excluded. You can use most standard wildcard characters, but you
cannot use wildcard characters denoting latest versions of files
(;) or relative versions of files (;-n).
If you specify directory files (files with the file type .DIR),
your command is processed but the directory files are not
excluded (they are processed).
You cannot use the /EXCLUDE qualifier in image restore
operations.
2.21 /EXPIRED
Selects files according to the value of the expiration date field
in each file header record.
Use this qualifier with the /BEFORE or /SINCE qualifier, either
of which provides the system time value BACKUP uses to determine
whether to process a file.
2.22 /FAST
Processes an input Files-11 disk using a fast file scan. The fast
file scan reads the index file on the Files-11 disk specified
by the input specifier and creates a table of files that match
the qualifiers you specified. A fast file scan is most useful
when the input specifier includes most files on the volume and
file-selection qualifiers (such as those that pertain to date or
owner) specify a relatively small set of the files named.
To perform a fast file scan, you need write access to the
INDEXF.SYS file on the input medium or the input medium must
be write-locked.
2.23 /FILES_SELECTED
/FILES_SELECTED=file-spec output-specifier
Specifies a file that contains a list of the files that will be
selected when a save set is restored.
2.24 /FULL
Displays the information produced by the /LIST command qualifier
in a format similar to that displayed by the DCL command
DIRECTORY/FULL. If you do not specify /FULL, the /LIST qualifier
displays a brief summary of the information (/BRIEF).
You must specify the /LIST qualifier with the /FULL qualifier.
2.25 /GROUP_SIZE
/GROUP_SIZE=n
Defines the number of blocks BACKUP places in each redundancy
group. The value of n must be 0 to 100.
If you define a value of 0 for /GROUP_SIZE, no redundancy groups
are created for the save set. /GROUP_SIZE=10 is the default
value.
2.26 /HEADER_ONLY
Specifies that only the file headers of a file are to be saved in
a BACKUP operation.
2.27 /IGNORE
/IGNORE=option
Specifies that a BACKUP save or copy operation will override
restrictions placed on files or will not perform tape label
processing checks.
NOTE
File system interlocks are expressly designed to prevent
data corruptions, and to allow applications to detect and
report data access conflicts.
Use of the INTERLOCK keyword overrides these file data
integrity interlocks. The data that BACKUP subsequently
transfers can then contain corrupted data for open files.
Also, all cases in which these data corruptions can occur
in the data that BACKUP transfers are not reliably reported
to you; in other words, silent data corruptions are possible
within the transferred data.
The /IGNORE= qualifier has the following options:
ACCESSIBILITY Processes files on a tape that is protected by
a volume accessibility character, or on a tape
created by HSC Backup. The option applies only
to tapes. It affects the first tape mounted and
all subsequent tapes in the save set.
INTERLOCK Processes files that otherwise could not be
processed due to file access conflicts. Use
this option to save or copy files currently open
for writing. You must have the user privilege
SYSPRV, a system UIC, or ownership of the volume
to use this option.
See the Note before this table for more
information about this keyword.
LABEL_ Saves or copies the contents of files to the
PROCESSING specified magnetic tape volume regardless of
the information contained in the volume header
record. BACKUP does not verify the volume label
or expiration date before writing information to
the tape volume. Note that you cannot use this
option with the /EXACT_ORDER qualifier.
LIMIT Prevents the target device from inheriting the
volume expansion limit.
NOBACKUP Saves or copies both the file header record and
the contents of files marked with the NOBACKUP
flag by the /NOBACKUP qualifier of the DCL
command SET FILE. If you do not specify this
option, BACKUP saves only the file header record
of files marked with the NOBACKUP flag.
2.28 /IMAGE
Directs BACKUP to process an entire volume or volume set.
Beginning in Version 8.2, this qualifier has been supported for
Integrity servers disk. The image of an Integrity servers disk
can be saved and restored on either Alpha or Integrity servers.
Using this qualifier produces a functionally equivalent copy of
the original volume or volume set. To use the /IMAGE command
qualifier, you need write access to both the index file
(INDEXF.SYS) and the bit map file (BITMAP.SYS), or the input
medium must be write-locked.
In save and copy operations, you cannot use input file-selection
qualifiers with the /IMAGE command qualifier because BACKUP saves
or copies all files on the input disk volumes.
In restore and copy operations, every file is restored or copied.
The output volume must be mounted using the /FOREIGN qualifier.
The new volume is a functionally equivalent copy of the input
volume; however, the file placement will change.
An image restore or copy operation initializes the output volume
or volume set. The initialization data comes from the save-
volume summary record of the input volume, unless the command
qualifier /NOINITIALIZE directs BACKUP to initialize the output
volume using volume initialization data that already exists on
the output volume.
A BACKUP operation to mixed tape and disk save sets, as shown in
the following command, is unsupported:
$ BACKUP SYS$DISK:/IMAGE DKA0:FUN,MKA0:/SAVE/REW
Beginning in OpenVMS Version 7.2, when you use the BACKUP/IMAGE
command to restore or copy a volume, the BACKUP utility preserves
the cluster factor. Note that copying a volume with a bitmap
smaller than 255 blocks to a significantly larger disk might
result in a bitmap larger than 255 blocks on the destination
disk. (You cannot mount such a disk on an OpenVMS Version 7.1 and
earlier system.)
2.29 /INCREMENTAL
NOTE
/INCREMENTAL is valid only in restore operations. It is not
related to the /NOINCREMENTAL qualifier, which is valid only
in BACKUP save operations.
Allows you to restore a disk volume from a series of incremental
save sets. When processed correctly, the output disk volume
will contain the same files it contained when the most recent
incremental save operation was performed. BACKUP does not create
files on the output disk volume that were deleted in the period
in which the incremental backups were performed.
When you use /INCREMENTAL in a restore operation, you must
specify a device as the output specifier; file specifications
are invalid. When you specify the /INCREMENTAL qualifier, BACKUP
restores files using the /BY_OWNER=ORIGINAL qualifier.
2.30 /INITIALIZE
/INITIALIZE
/NOINITIALIZE
Initializes an output disk or tape volume, making its entire
previous contents unavailable. (/REWIND performs the same
function for output tapes.) This qualifier is valid only when
used with the /IMAGE qualifier during restore or copy operations
or when saving files to a sequential-disk save set. The default
is /INITIALIZE for Files-11 volumes and /NOINITIALIZE for
sequential-disk volumes.
2.31 /INPUT_FILES
Directs BACKUP to treat the input-specifier as the file name of a
list of files. This file specifies the input files for a BACKUP
operation.
2.32 /INTERCHANGE
Directs BACKUP to process files in a manner suitable for data
interchange (software distribution) by excluding information that
would prevent other utilities or sites from reading the BACKUP
save set.
The /INTERCHANGE qualifier implies /CONVERT when the input is
an ODS-5 disk or file. (You can also specify /NOCONVERT with the
/INTERCHANGE qualifier.)
The effects of the /INTERCHANGE qualifier are as follows:
o Directories not selected as files are not copied.
o Access control lists are not copied.
o Block size on magnetic tape is limited to 8192 bytes.
o Normal error recovery is used to write magnetic tapes so that
no bad records exist on the resulting magnetic tape.
2.33 /IO_LOAD
/IO_LOAD[=n]
Beginning in OpenVMS Version 8.3, BACKUP is optimized to work
more efficiently with new storage controllers. You can use
the /IO_LOAD qualifier to increase or decrease the number of
simultaneous I/Os issued by the BACKUP utility. The default is 8
I/Os. The minimum is 2 I/Os.
If the /IO_LOAD qualifier is omitted from the command line, the
default number of outstanding I/Os is still 8.
2.34 /JOURNAL
/JOURNAL[=file-spec]
Specifies that a BACKUP save operation is to create, or append
information to, a BACKUP journal file. The BACKUP journal file
contains an on-disk record of BACKUP save operations and saved
files.
To list the contents of a backup journal file, enter a
BACKUP/JOURNAL/LIST command without an input or output specifier.
2.35 /LABEL
/LABEL=(string[,...])
Specifies the 1- to 6-character volume labels for the magnetic
tapes to which the save set is written. If you do not specify
the /LABEL qualifier, BACKUP uses the first six characters of the
save-set name as the volume label of the first tape.
If the save set continues to another tape, and you did not
specify a volume label for the tape, BACKUP uses the first four
characters of the previous tape's volume label followed by the
volume number of the tape. For example, if the first tape in a
save set is labeled AAAABB, the second tape in a sequence is
labeled AAAA02, and the third tape is labeled AAAA03.
You can specify the command qualifier /IGNORE=LABEL_PROCESSING
to prevent BACKUP from verifying the volume label of the tape.
You can also use the /EXACT_ORDER qualifier to specify the exact
order of tape volume labels that you want to use in a BACKUP
operation.
2.36 /LIMIT
/LIMIT[=n]
The /LIMIT qualifier allows you to specify the expansion size
limit during restore or save operations. Therefore, you can
override the value stored in the saveset header. (This matches
the way the /LIMIT qualifier of the INITIALIZE utility works.)
2.37 /LIST
/LIST[=file-spec]
Lists information about a BACKUP save set and about the files in
a save set. You can display the list on your terminal or write it
to a file.
You can use this qualifier with any operation (save, restore,
copy, compare, or journal). If you specify /LIST by itself (not
in conjunction with another operation), the input specifier must
be a save set; you cannot specify an output specifier.
You can use /LIST with either /BRIEF or /FULL command qualifiers.
The default is /BRIEF.
Do not use /LOG together with /LIST when the output for /LIST is
directed to the terminal; you will receive confusing output.
2.38 /LOG
/LOG
/NOLOG (default)
Determines whether the file specification of each file processed
is displayed on SYS$OUTPUT during the operation. The default is
/NOLOG. Displays at your terminal the file specification of each
file processed during the BACKUP operation (/LOG) or suppresses
the display (/NOLOG). The default is /NOLOG.
Do not use /LOG together with /LIST when the output for /LIST is
directed to the terminal; you will receive confusing output.
2.39 /MEDIA_FORMAT
/MEDIA_FORMAT=[NO]COMPACTION
Controls whether data records are automatically compacted and
blocked together. Data compaction and record blocking increase
the amount of data that can be stored on a single tape cartridge.
The compaction ratio depends on the data and the tape drive you
use. For more information, see the documentation supplied with
your tape drive.
BACKUP allows you to specify different compaction settings on
different save sets on a tape. However, not all tape drives
support the use of more than one compaction setting on a tape.
Whether mixed mode tapes are permitted depends on the model of
the tape drive you use.
2.40 /MODIFIED
Selects files according to the value of the modified date field
(the date the file was last modified) in each file header record.
Use this qualifier with the /BEFORE or /SINCE qualifier, either
of which provides the system time value BACKUP uses to determine
whether to process a file.
2.41 /NEW_VERSION
Creates a new version of a file if a file with an identical
specification already exists at the location to which the file is
being restored or copied. The new file is created with the same
name and type and a version number one higher than the highest
existing version.
By default, BACKUP does not restore a file with the same file
name, file type, and version number as a file that already exists
in a directory. Rather, BACKUP issues an error message and does
not restore the file. The /OVERLAY and /REPLACE qualifiers also
override this default, but produce different results than the
/NEW_VERSION qualifier.
Note that when copying or restoring files using the /NEW_VERSION
qualifier, files are processed in decreasing version number
order and are created in ascending order. The result is that
the version numbers are inverted.
Because this qualifier causes version numbers to change, do
not use the /NEW_VERSION qualifier with the /COMPARE or /VERIFY
qualifier.
2.42 /NOINCREMENTAL
NOTE
/NOINCREMENTAL is valid only in BACKUP save operations. It
is not related to the /INCREMENTAL qualifier, which is valid
only in restore operations.
Beginning with OpenVMS Version 7.2, on a save operation,
/NOINCREMENTAL allows you to control the amount of file data
that is saved. Use this qualifier only if you are sure that you
want to save specific files and do not want to save all data.
In recent versions of OpenVMS, the /SINCE=BACKUP incremental
save operation has been refined so that files that are saved are
accurate and not redundant. As a result, the /NOINCREMENTAL and
/SINCE=BACKUP qualifiers are not allowed together. This ensures
an accurate /INCREMENTAL restore.
/NOINCREMENTAL is valid only in BACKUP save operations. It is
not related to the /INCREMENTAL qualifier, which is valid only in
restore operations.
2.43 /OVERLAY
Writes over an existing file when an identically-named file is
encountered during the restore operation. If the identically-
named files are not the same size, the file is extended (when the
file being restored is larger) or retains its allocation (when
the file being restored is smaller).
By default, BACKUP does not restore a file with the same file
name, file type, and version number as a file that already exists
in a directory. Rather, BACKUP issues an error message and does
not restore the file. The /NEW_VERSION and /REPLACE qualifiers
also override this default, but produce different results than
the /OVERLAY qualifier.
2.44 /OWNER_UIC
The /OWNER_UIC qualifier has been superseded by /BY_OWNER.
HP recommends that you substitute /BY_OWNER for /OWNER_UIC in
command procedures and operator instructions. See the description
of /BY_OWNER for more information.
2.45 /PHYSICAL
Specifies that BACKUP is to ignore any volume structure on the
input device and is to process the volume in terms of physical
blocks. If you write a save set with the BACKUP/PHYSICAL command,
you must also restore it with the BACKUP/PHYSICAL command.
For physical copy operations between disks, the output device
must be either the same size or a larger-capacity disk.
If the output device is larger than the input device, only disk
blocks less than the size of the input device are written to the
output device. Depending on the volume structure of the input
device, the extra uninitialized blocks at the end of the output
device might create an unusable disk volume.
If the input device contains a FILES-11 ODS-2 or ODS-5 volume,
you can expand the volume size on the output device after the
restore by using the DCL command SET VOLUME/LIMIT/SIZE.
For all physical operations, the output disk cannot have a bad
block in any location that corresponds to a good block on the
input disk. (This restriction does not apply to RA or more recent
disk architectures.)
2.46 /PROGRESS_REPORT
/PROGRESS_REPORT=n
Use the /PROGRESS_REPORT qualifier to display the progress of
a BACKUP operation on the current output device in every 'n'
seconds. This qualifier expects an integer value from the user
and does not have any default value.
(When you use BACKUP to back up or restore data interactively,
press Ctrl/T to display the progress of the operation.)
2.47 /PROTECTION
/PROTECTION[=(code)]
Defines the protection you want applied to a save set on a disk
or to a magnetic tape volume. The code indicates the type of
access (read, write, execute, and delete) available to the four
categories of users (system, owner, group, and world).
Protection information applies to all save sets stored on a
tape. If you write the save set to either a Files-11 disk or a
sequential disk without using the /PROTECTION qualifier, the
default is the process default protection.
To initialize a magnetic tape with the correct protection,
specify the output save-set qualifier /REWIND with the
/PROTECTION qualifier. If you do not specify /REWIND with
/PROTECTION, the protection information, if any, in the volume
header record is not changed. However, specifying /PROTECTION
without /REWIND ensures that continuation volumes receive the
correct protection.
2.48 /RECORD
Records the current date and time in the BACKUP date field of
each file header record once a file is successfully saved or
copied. If you do not specify the /RECORD qualifier, BACKUP does
not change the BACKUP date field of each processed file. Observe
the following restrictions:
o The /RECORD qualifier is valid only with Files-11 Structure
Levels 2 and 5 volumes.
o To use the /RECORD qualifier you must either own the file or
have SYSPRV privileges.
o You cannot use the /RECORD qualifier with the /DELETE
qualifier.
o You can use the /RECORD qualifier in BACKUP save or copy
operations only.
2.49 /RELEASE_TAPE
Dismounts and unloads a tape after a BACKUP save operation writes
a save set to the tape (and optionally verifies the saveset
information on that tape). By using the /RELEASE_TAPE qualifier
in conjunction with either the /DELETE or /RECORD qualifiers, you
can make a tape drive available for other operations before the
BACKUP command completes.
The tape remains allocated until you enter the DEALLOCATE
command.
2.50 /REPAIR
Helps BACKUP to reset the RMS file attribute of a saveset file
which gets corrupted while saveset is transferred through World
Wide Web (WWW) or copied using FTP or compressed and uncompressed
using ZIP.
You can use the /REPAIR qualifier repair the saveset attributes.
2.51 /REPLACE
When you use /REPLACE in a copy or restore operation, and an
identically named file exists in both the input and output
specifiers, BACKUP performs the following tasks:
o Copies or restores a new version of the file with the same
directory specification, file name, type, and version number
o Deletes the copy of the file that previously existed on the
output disk
In this way, the previous copy of the file is replaced with the
restored version. Note that the version number is not incremented
because the old copy of the file is deleted. If you want to keep
the versions from both the input and the output specifiers, use
the output file qualifier /NEW_VERSION.
If you do not use /REPLACE, /OVERLAY, or /NEW_VERSION, and the
version number of the file being restored is identical to the
version number of the existing file, BACKUP reports an error and
does not restore the file.
2.52 /REWIND
/REWIND
/NOREWIND (default)
As an input save-set qualifier, causes the input tape reel to be
rewound (/REWIND) or not rewound (/NOREWIND) to beginning-of-tape
(BOT) before BACKUP searches for the save-set name specified in
the input specifier.
As an output save-set qualifier, specifies that the output
magnetic tape is to be rewound and initialized before the
save operation begins (/REWIND) or that the tape is neither
to be rewound nor initialized before the save operation begins
(/NOREWIND). Initializing the tape removes access to any existing
data on the tape.
If you want to start processing at BOT, and the magnetic tape is
already positioned beyond BOT, specify /REWIND. Otherwise, the
magnetic tape begins (or resumes) processing from the logical
end-of-tape (EOT) marker.
Use the /[NO]REWIND qualifier for magnetic tape save sets only.
2.53 /SAVE_SET
Defines the input or output specifier as a BACKUP save set.
Normally, BACKUP treats specifiers that refer to disk files as
Files-11 files and specifiers that refer to tapes as BACKUP save
sets.
You must specify the /SAVE_SET qualifier when the input or output
specifier is a BACKUP save set on a Files-11 disk.
2.54 /SELECT
/SELECT
/SELECT=(file-spec[,...])
Selects the specified files for processing.
If you specify more than one file, separate the file
specifications with commas and enclose the list in parentheses.
Do not use a device specification when you define the files to be
selected. You can use most standard wildcard characters, but you
cannot use wildcard characters denoting latest version of files
(;) and relative versions of files (;-n).
You cannot use the /SELECT qualifier in image save operations.
2.55 /SINCE
/SINCE=time
Selects files dated equal to or later than the specified date
and time. You can enter the time in either absolute time or delta
time. Specify these time values according to the rules described
in the OpenVMS User's Manual.
You can also specify the time using one of the following options:
BACKUP The BACKUP/RECORD operation (available only on Files-
11 Structure Levels 2 and 5 volumes)
TODAY The current day, month, and year at 00:00:00.0 o'clock
TOMORROW 24 hours after midnight last night
YESTERDAY 24 hours before midnight last night
2.56 /SIZE
/SIZE = [n]
The logical volume size is recorded in the save-set header during
a backup operation. By default, during a restore operation, the
logical volume size is not preserved because restoring a save
set of 2 GB to a 4-GB disk, for example, results in only 2 GB of
available disk space.
The /SIZE qualifier, however, allows you to preserve the logical
volume size on the target device. Alternatively, you can specify
the logical volume size of the target device by using the
optional keyword value n.
2.57 /TAPE_EXPIRATION
/TAPE_EXPIRATION=dd-mmm-yyyy
Writes a file expiration date other than the current date to the
file header label of the save set.
HP recommends that you specify an expiration date whenever you
create a BACKUP save set on magnetic tape using /REWIND. Daily
BACKUP tapes should expire in seven days, weekly BACKUP tapes
should expire in one month, and monthly BACKUP tapes should
expire in one year.
Specify the date in absolute time format, according to the rules
described the OpenVMS User's Manual. If you do not specify an
expiration date, today's date is written to the volume header
record when you perform a save operation using /REWIND.
2.58 /TRUNCATE
/TRUNCATE
/NOTRUNCATE (default)
Controls whether a copy or restore operation truncates a
sequential output file at the end-of-file (EOF) when creating
it. By default, a copy or restore operation uses the allocation
of the input file to determine the size of the output file.
2.59 /VERIFY
Specifies that the contents of the output specifier be compared
with the contents of the input specifier after a save, restore,
or copy operation is completed. If a file does not compare
successfully, BACKUP displays an error message.
2.60 /VOLUME
/VOLUME=n
Indicates that a specific disk volume in a disk volume set is to
be processed. The /VOLUME qualifier is valid only when used with
the /IMAGE qualifier. Using this qualifier allows you to perform
BACKUP operations on a disk volume set when you have only one
disk drive with which to perform BACKUP operations.
3 – Examples
1.$ BACKUP
_From: DBA1:[000000...]
_To: MTA0:13NOVBAK.BCK,MTA1:/LABEL=(DLY101,DLY102)
This BACKUP command saves the entire contents of the disk
DBA1 onto a multivolume tape save set. This command does not
initialize the first tape in the save set, but does initialize
subsequent tapes. The first tape in the save set must be
labeled DLY101 and the second tape in the save set must be
labeled DLY102.
2.$ BACKUP [PLI.WORK]/SINCE=YESTERDAY/MODIFIED [PLI.SAV]
This BACKUP command copies selected files in the directory
[PLI.WORK] to the directory [PLI.SAV]. BACKUP processes only
those files that have been modified since 24 hours preceding
midnight last night. Note that the /MODIFIED qualifier is
not required, as its action is the default when the /SINCE
qualifier is specified.
3.$ BACKUP DBA2:[PLI.WORK]*.*; DBA3:[SAVE]23MAR82.BCK/SAVE_SET
This BACKUP command saves the highest version of each file in
directory [PLI.WORK] to a disk save set on DBA3. The /SAVE_
SET qualifier is required because the output save set is on a
Files-11 disk.
4.$ BACKUP/PHYSICAL DYA0: DYA1:
This BACKUP command copies the entire RX02 floppy disk mounted
on device DYA0 to the RX02 floppy disk mounted on device
DYA1. Both devices must have been mounted with the DCL command
MOUNT/FOREIGN.
5.$ BACKUP
_From: DB1:[SCHED]*.*
_To: DENVER::DBA2:[SAVE]SCH.BCK/SAVE_SET
This BACKUP command saves all files in the directory SCHED
on disk DB1 at the local node to the network save set SCH.BCK
at remote node DENVER. The /SAVE_SET qualifier is required to
identify the output specifier as a save set on a Files-11 disk.
6.$ BACKUP/LIST DENVER::DBA2:[SAVE]SCH.BCK/SAVE_SET
This BACKUP command lists the BACKUP summary information,
the original BACKUP command used, and the file name, size,
and creation date for each file in the save set created in
the previous example. The /SAVE_SET qualifier is required
to identify the input specifier as a save set on a Files-11
device.
7.$ BACKUP MTA0:NOV2SAVE.BCK/REWIND/SELECT=[USER...] [USER...]
This command restores files from the magnetic tape save set
named NOV2SAVE.BCK to the directory tree from which they
were saved (the [USER] directory tree). The /REWIND qualifier
directs BACKUP to rewind the tape to the beginning-of-tape
before beginning the restore operation.
8.$ BACKUP WORK$:[TESTFILES...]*.*;* MUA0:TEST.SAV -
_$ /MEDIA_FORMAT=COMPACTION /REWIND
This command saves all files in the directory [TESTFILES] and
its subdirectories to a save set named TEST.SAV using a TA90E
tape drive. The /MEDIA_FORMAT=COMPACTION qualifier specifies
that the tape drive automatically compacts and blocks together
data records on the tape.
9.$ BACKUP/IMAGE/RECORD/VERIFY/NOASSIST
_From: DKA100:
_To: MKB100:MAR11.SAV/LABEL=(TAPE1,TAPE2,TAPE3)/EXACT_ORDER
This example uses the /EXACT_ORDER qualifier to specify the
exact order of labels for the BACKUP operation. Note that
if you specify the /ASSIST qualifier, BACKUP would display
messages on the operator terminal. BACKUP performs the
following tasks:
a. Compares the volume label of the tape in MKB100: with
the first label that you specified on the command line
(TAPE1). If the labels match exactly, BACKUP begins the
save operation. If the labels do not match or if the tape
does not have an ANSI label, BACKUP displays the following
message:
%BACKUP-W-MOUNTERR, volume 1 on MKB100: was not mounted because
its label does not match the one requested
%BACKUP-W-EXLABEER, volume label processing failed because
volume TAPE4 is out of order, Volume label TAPE1 was expected
specify option (QUIT, NEW tape, OVERWRITE tape, USE loaded tape)
BACKUP> OVERWRITE
Depending on the option you specify, you can quit the backup
operation (QUIT), dismount the old tape and mount a new
one (NEW), overwrite the label and the data on the tape
(OVERWRITE), or write the data to the tape using the loaded
tape's label (USE).
b. When the operation fills the first tape, it displays the
following message:
%BACKUP-I-RESUME, resuming operation on volume 2
%BACKUP-I-READYWRITE, mount volume TAPE2 on MKB100: for writing
Respond with YES when ready:
c. When you load the second tape and enter YES, BACKUP compares
the label of the second tape with the second label you
specified on the command line (TAPE2) just as it did in
step 1a.
d. Assuming the volume labels match, BACKUP continues
processing until it completes the operation or runs out
of volume labels. If you do not specify enough labels on the
command line to complete the operation, BACKUP prompts you
to enter a label for the tape in the drive as follows:
%BACKUP-W-MOUNTERR, volume 4 on MKB100: was not mounted because
the label was not specified
specify EXACT_ORDER label (up to 6 characters)
BACKUP>
BACKUP then compares the label on the tape with label you
specify as described previously.
10$ BACKUP/IMAGE/RECORD/VERIFY/NOASSIST
_From: DKA100:[TEST]
_To: MKB100:MAR11.SAV/EXACT_ORDER
Because this example does not use the /LABEL qualifier, BACKUP
uses the existing label on the tape. If the tape does not
have an ANSI label, and it is the first tape in the operation,
BACKUP displays the following error message:
%BACKUP-F-NOTANSI, tape is not valid ANSI format
If the tape does not have an ANSI label, and is not the first
tape in the operation, BACKUP displays the following error
message prompting you to specify a label:
%BACKUP-W-MOUNTERR, volume 2 on MKB100: was not mounted because
the label was not specified
specify EXACT_ORDER label (up to 6 characters)
BACKUP>
NOTE
BACKUP checks to make sure you specify a valid label.
If the label is not valid (for example, longer than six
characters), BACKUP displays an error message. In previous
versions of the OpenVMS operating system, BACKUP truncated
long volume labels.
3.1 /WINDOW
/WINDOW=[FULL]LIMITED
Specifies the number of mapping pointers to be allocated for file
windows. By default, file window has 7 mapping pointers and it
increases as file is more fragmented. Window is taken from nonpaged
pool and is charged against process BYTLM quota. This may result
in performance degrade when BACKUP tries to map the 8th extent
of the file. Contiguous files are always completely mapped, but
noncontiguous files may or may not be completely mapped.
You can use the following keywords with the /WINDOW qualifier:
FULL Default full mapping.
LIMITED Optional limited size window.