VMS Help  —  DSR
    DIGITAL Standard Runoff (DSR) is a text-formatting facility
    consisting of DSR commands, DSR flags, the DCL command RUNOFF,
    the DSR Table of Contents utility, and the DSR Indexing utility.
    You can use any text editor to create the DSR input file that
    consists of text to be formatted and the commands and flags to do
    the formatting. The output file is a either a formatted document
    or an intermediate file that can be used in subsequent passes to
    produce final output. Neither the DSR commands nor the DSR flags
    appear in the final document.

    For help on the RUNOFF command, return to DCL level and type HELP
    RUNOFF.

1  –  Command line

    Most DSR commands can be abbreviated. For example, the
    .AUTOPARAGRAPH command can be abbreviated .AP. To find the
    accepted abbreviations for DSR commands, refer to the format
    section for each command listed under HELP DSR DSR_Commands.

    All DSR commands begin with the Control flag (.) in column 1.
    Multiple commands may appear on one line. The control flag is
    followed by the command text, any arguments to the commands, and,
    if required, the command is terminated with a semicolon (;). For
    example:

       .LEFT MARGIN 10
       .LIST ELEMENT; text

2  –  DSR Commands

    DSR commands allow you to specify many formatting items, among
    them: the size of pages, uneven or justified right margins, the
    amount of spaces to appear between lines, and the arrangement of
    items in lists.

    Note that the underscore (_) character in command names shown
    below are not part of the command syntax but are a convenience
    for Help.

2.1  –  .APPENDIX

    The .APPENDIX command specifies the beginning of an appendix,
    assigns an identifying letter to it, and allows you to supply a
    title. Successive .APPENDIX commands assign identifying letters
    in alphabetical order. (See also .NUMBER APPENDIX and .DISPLAY
    APPENDIX.)

    Format

      .APPENDIX  [text]

    Abreviated format

      .AX  [text]

2.1.1  –  Parameter

 text

    The title you give the appendix

2.2  –  .AUTOJUSTIFY

    When you enter .AUTOJUSTIFY, the following commands automatically
    execute .JUSTIFY (as well as .FILL) commands:

       .APPENDIX
       .CHAPTER
       .HEADER LEVEL
       .NOTE

    If you disable automatic justification by entering
    .NO AUTOJUSTIFY, DSR does not disturb either the
    justify/no justify or the fill/no fill states that are in effect
    (whether by default or as a result of a previous .JUSTIFY or
    .NO JUSTIFY command) at the time you use one of these commands.
    Whichever state is in effect remains in effect when you enter
    .NO AUTOJUSTIFY. (See also .JUSTIFY, .NO JUSTIFY, .FILL, and .NO
    FILL.)

    Formats

      .AUTOJUSTIFY

      .NO AUTOJUSTIFY

    Abreviated formats

      .AJ

      .NAJ

2.2.1  –  Default

    .AUTOJUSTIFY

2.3  –  .AUTOPARAGRAPH

    The .AUTOPARAGRAPH and .NO AUTOPARAGRAPH commands turn the
    automatic paragraph capability on and off. If .AUTOPARAGRAPH
    is in effect, you do not have to insert .PARAGRAPH commands each
    time you want to format a paragraph. When you start a line with a
    space or tab or insert a blank line, DSR automatically formats a
    new paragraph, using the values of .PARAGRAPH or .SET PARAGRAPH.
    You can specify values for .PARAGRAPH or you can use the default
    values (see .PARAGRAPH). .AUTOPARAGRAPH cancels .AUTOTABLE.

    Formats

      .AUTOPARAGRAPH

      .NO AUTOPARAGRAPH

    Abreviated formats

      .AP

      .NAP

2.3.1  –  Default

    If you have not entered .PARAGRAPH or .SET PARAGRAPH, DSR
    executes the .TEST PAGE 2 command followed by the .SKIP 1 and
    .INDENT 5 commands.

2.4  –  .AUTOSUBTITLE

    The .AUTOSUBTITLE command causes DSR to use .HEADER LEVEL titles
    for running-head subtitles. Subtitles therefore can change
    according to the section title that applies to a given page.
    The .NO AUTOSUBTITLE command cancels the .AUTOSUBTITLE function.
    (See .HEADERS ON, .SUBTITLE, and .HEADER LEVEL.)

    Formats

      .AUTOSUBTITLE  [[+/-]n]

      .NO AUTOSUBTITLE

    Abreviated formats

      .AST  [[+/-]n]

      .NAST

2.4.1  –  Parameters

 n

    The highest numbered header level whose title will be used as a
    subtitle. For example, if you enter .AUTOSUBTITLE 2, the titles
    of header levels 1 and 2 appear as running-head subtitles. Header
    levels 3, 4, 5, and 6 do not appear as running-head subtitles.

 +n

    Increases the current highest numbered header level by n.

 -n

    Decreases the current highest numbered header level by n.

2.4.2  –  Defaults

    o  If you do not enter .AUTOSUBTITLE or .NO AUTOSUBTITLE, the
       default is .AUTOSUBTITLE 1.

    o  If you enter .AUTOSUBTITLE with no value, the default is the
       value you specified with a previous .AUTOSUBTITLE command. If
       no .AUTOSUBTITLE command was previously entered, the default
       value is 1.

2.5  –  .AUTOTABLE

    The .AUTOTABLE and .NO AUTOTABLE commands turn the automatic
    paragraph capability on and off. If .AUTOTABLE is in effect,
    DSR formats a new paragraph for each line that does not start
    with a space or tab. It is formatted according to .PARAGRAPH or
    .SET PARAGRAPH values, whether they are specified or supplied
    by default (see .PARAGRAPH). The .AUTOTABLE and .NOAUTOTABLE
    commands cancel .AUTOPARAGRAPH. The .AUTOTABLE command is
    formatted according to .PARAGRAPH or SET PARAGRAPH values,
    whether they are specified by the user or supplied by default
    (see .PARAGRAPH).

    Formats

      .AUTOTABLE

      .NO AUTOTABLE

    Abreviated formats

      .AT

      .NAT

2.5.1  –  Default

    If you have not entered .PARAGRAPH or .SET PARAGRAPH, DSR
    executes the .TEST PAGE 2 command followed by the .SKIP 1 and
    .INDENT 5 commands.

2.6  –  .BLANK

    The .BLANK command inserts exactly the number of blank lines that
    you specify. It is different from .SKIP, which inserts a multiple
    of the number of blank lines specified in the .SPACING command
    (see .SKIP and .SPACING). The .BLANK command does not work after
    a .PAGE command.

    Format

      .BLANK  [[-]n]

    Abreviated format

      .B  [[-]n]

2.6.1  –  Parameters

 n

    The number of blank lines you want to insert.

 -n

    Specifies that the next line will begin exactly n lines from the
    bottom of the current page.

2.6.2  –  Default

    If you enter .BLANK without a value, you get .BLANK 1.

2.7  –  .BREAK

    The .BREAK command ends the current line immediately, without
    filling or justifying. Enter .BREAK when .FILL is in effect
    and you want a few short lines of text with no blank lines in
    between.

    Format

      .BREAK

    Abreviated formats

      .BR

      .<Return>

2.8  –  .CENTER

    The .CENTER (.CENTRE) command centers a single line of text
    around a character position on a line (compare with .RIGHT).

    Formats

      .CENTER  [[+/-]n]; text

      .CENTER  [[+/-]n] text

      .CENTRE  [[+/-]n]; text

      .CENTRE  [[+/-]n] text

    Abreviated formats

      .C  [[+/-]n]; text

      .C  [[+/-]n] text

2.8.1  –  Parameters

 n

    Twice the value of the character position that you want to center
    the text around. (Absolute character positions on a line always
    start with 0 at the leftmost position on the page.)

    If you center the line of text between settings of the left and
    right margins, then n is equal to the value specified by the most
    recent .LEFT MARGIN command added to the value specified by the
    most recent .RIGHT MARGIN command.

 +n

    Moves the character position around which the text is centered to
    the right by n/2 character positions. This value normally is used
    to adapt .CENTER to a new setting specified by the .LEFT MARGIN
    command.

 -n

    Moves the character position around which the text is centered to
    the left by n/2 character positions. This value normally is used
    to adapt .CENTER to a new setting specified by the .RIGHT MARGIN
    command.

 text

    The text you want to center. You must enter this text on one
    line.

2.8.2  –  Default

    If you enter .CENTER without specifying n, the text is centered
    between the current left and right margins.

2.9  –  Change bar commands

    The bar commands control the insertion of vertical bars (|) at
    the beginning of lines of text. The bars (usually called change
    bars) are normally inserted to indicate where changes in text
    have occurred since the previous edition of a document. You can
    specify a character other than the default character (vertical
    bars) to indicate changes by using the /CHANGE_BAR qualifier to
    the RUNOFF command line.

    Formats

      .ENABLE BAR

      .DISABLE BAR

      .BEGIN BAR

      .END BAR

    Abreviated formats

      .EBB

      .DBB

      .BB

      .EB

2.9.1  –  Default

    .DISABLE BAR - Operation of the change bar function is not
    initially enabled. By default, there are no change bars and text
    is not indented.

2.9.2  –  .ENABLE BAR

    The .ENABLE BAR command shifts all text following it three spaces
    to the right to make room for the bars on the left. The width of
    the lines of actual text is not altered.

2.9.3  –  .DISABLE BAR

    The .DISABLE BAR command disables the bar commands but does not
    shift the lines of text back to their original position.

2.9.4  –  .BEGIN BAR

    The .BEGIN BAR command causes DSR to start inserting vertical
    bars at the beginning of lines.

2.9.5  –  .END BAR

    The .END BAR command causes DSR to stop putting vertical bars at
    the beginning of lines.

2.10  –  .CHAPTER

    The .CHAPTER command specifies the beginning of a chapter,
    numbers it, and allows you to supply a chapter title. Successive
    .CHAPTER commands number the chapters sequentially. (See also
    .NUMBER CHAPTER and .DISPLAY CHAPTER.)

    Format

      .CHAPTER  [text]

    Abreviated format

      .CH  [text]

2.10.1  –  Parameter

 text

    The title of the chapter.

2.11  –  Conditional Commands

    The .IF, .IF NOT, .ELSE, and .ENDIF commands (also known as
    the conditional commands) cause portions of a DSR file to be
    processed or not processed, according to conditions that you
    specify. The commands refer to the /VARIANT qualifier that you
    specify on the DSR command line. (See also /DEBUG=CONDITIONALS
    and .VARIABLE.)

    Formats

      .IF  name

      .ELSE  name

      .IFNOT  name (or .IN name)

      .ENDIF  name (or .EI name)

2.11.1  –  Parameter

 name

    A word that is common to the conditional commands that make up a
    single .IF or .IFNOT block of text.

2.12  –  .CONTROL CHARACTERS

    The .CONTROL CHARACTERS command causes DSR to accept control
    characters as normal text in your input file. The characters
    that are affected by this command are the characters in the DEC
    Multinational character set with the following decimal values;
    1 to 31, 128 to 159, and 255. The control characters 0 (NULL)
    and 127 (DEL) can only be inserted into a document by using
    the accept flag (_). A form feed (Ctrl/L or ASCII 12) must be
    preceded by the accept flag if used in column 1.

    The .NO CONTROL CHARACTERS command does not accept control
    characters as normal text.

    Formats

      .CONTROL CHARACTERS

      .NO CONTROL CHARACTERS

    Abreviated formats

      .CC

      .NCC

2.12.1  –  Default

    .NO CONTROL CHARACTERS

2.13  –  .DATE

    The .DATE and .NO DATE commands control whether the current date
    appears in running heads. The date appears in the following
    format: 22 August 1992. The .SUBTITLE command and .LAYOUT
    commands must be included for .DATE to be effective. (See also
    .HEADERS ON and .SET DATE.)

    Formats

      .DATE

      .NO DATE

    Abreviated formats

      .D

      .ND

2.13.1  –  Default

    .NO DATE

2.14  –  .DISPLAY APPENDIX

    The .DISPLAY APPENDIX command allows you to specify the form that
    the lettering (or numbering) of appendixes will take. The form
    you specify appears in the title, the page numbers, and the first
    character of header level numbers throughout the appendix. This
    command does not change any values; it affects only the way the
    values are displayed. (See also .APPENDIX and .NUMBER APPENDIX.)

    Format

      .DISPLAY APPENDIX  y

    Abreviated format

      .DAX  y

2.14.1  –  Parameter

 y

    One of the following one- or two-letter codes:

    Code  Form of Sequence and Case

    D     Decimal numbers
    O     Octal numbers
    H     Hexadecimal numbers
    RU    Roman uppercase numerals
    RL    Roman lowercase numerals
    RM    Roman mixed case numerals - only first numeral is uppercase
    LU    Letters, uppercase
    LL    Letters, lowercase
    LM    Letters, mixed case - only first letter is uppercase

2.14.2  –  Default

    Letters, uppercase (LU)

2.15  –  .DISPLAY CHAPTER

    The .DISPLAY CHAPTER command allows you to specify the form that
    the numbering (or lettering) of chapters will take. The form you
    specify appears in the title, the page numbers, and the first
    character of header level numbers throughout the chapter. This
    command does not change any values; it affects only the way the
    values are displayed. (See also .CHAPTER and .NUMBER CHAPTER.)

    Format

      .DISPLAY CHAPTER  y

    Abreviated format

      .DCH  y

2.15.1  –  Parameter

 y

    One of the following one- or two-letter codes:

    Code  Form of Sequence and Case

    D     Decimal numbers
    O     Octal numbers
    H     Hexadecimal numbers
    RU    Roman uppercase numerals
    RL    Roman lowercase numerals
    RM    Roman mixed case numerals - only first numeral is uppercase
    LU    Letters, uppercase
    LL    Letters, lowercase
    LM    Letters, mixed case - only first letter is uppercase

2.15.2  –  Default

    Decimal numbers (D)

2.16  –  .DISPLAY ELEMENTS

    The .DISPLAY ELEMENTS command allows you to specify the form that
    sequential numbering or lettering of items in a list will take.
    This command does not change any values; it affects only the way
    the values are displayed. (See also .LIST, .END LIST, and .NUMBER
    LIST.)

    Format

      .DISPLAY ELEMENTS  ["x",] y [,"z"] (or ['x',] y [,'z'])

    Abreviated format

      .DLE  ["x",] y [,"z"] (or ['x',] y [,'z'])

2.16.1  –  Parameters

 x

    A character, such as a left parenthesis or bracket, that you can
    specify to precede the number or letter. You must enclose the
    character in quotation marks (" ") or apostrophes (' ').

 y

    One of the following one- or two-letter codes:

    Code  Form of Sequence and Case

    D     Decimal numbers
    O     Octal numbers
    H     Hexadecimal numbers
    RU    Roman uppercase numerals
    RL    Roman lowercase numerals
    RM    Roman mixed case numerals - only first numeral is uppercase
    LU    Letters, uppercase
    LL    Letters, lowercase
    LM    Letters, mixed case - only first letter is uppercase

 z

    A character, such as a right parenthesis or bracket, that you
    can specify to follow the number or letter. You must enclose the
    character in quotation marks (" ") or apostrophes (' ').

2.16.2  –  Default

    A space for x, decimal numbers for y, and a period (.) for z

2.17  –  .DISPLAY LEVELS

    The .DISPLAY LEVELS command allows you to specify the form that
    sequential numbering (or lettering) of section headers will
    take. You can control the form of individual numbers within a
    section number for a header (that is, those numbers preceding
    or following a dot). This command does not change any values; it
    affects only the way the values are displayed.(See also .HEADER
    LEVEL, .NUMBER LEVEL, and .STYLE HEADERS.)

    Default Header Level Numbering

    Command            Nonchapter  Chapter n   Appendix A

    .HEADER LEVEL 1    1           n.1         A.1
    .HEADER LEVEL 2    1.1         n.1.1       A.1.1
    .HEADER LEVEL 3    1.1.1       n.1.1.1     A.1.1.1

    Format

      .DISPLAY LEVELS  [y1] [,y2]...[,y6]

    Abreviated format

      .DHL  [y1][,y2]...[,y6]

2.17.1  –  Parameter

 y

    One of the following one- or two-letter codes; 1,2, ... 6
    indicate positions of numbers (or letters) for a section header.
    The commas correspond to the dots in a printed section number.
    (See also .NUMBER LEVEL.)

    Code  Form of Sequence and Case

    D     Decimal numbers
    O     Octal numbers
    H     Hexadecimal numbers
    RU    Roman uppercase numerals
    RL    Roman lowercase numerals
    RM    Roman mixed case numerals - only first numeral is uppercase
    LU    Letters, uppercase
    LL    Letters, lowercase
    LM    Letters, mixed case - only first letter is uppercase

2.17.2  –  Default

    Decimal numbers (D)

2.17.3  –  Example

 Entering the command .DISPLAY LEVELS RU, LU, LL (roman numeral
 upper, letters uppercase, letters lowercase) would cause your
 headers to be displayed as follows:

      Command            Nonchapter   Chapter n  Appendix A

      .HEADER LEVEL 1    I            n.I        A.I
      .HEADER LEVEL 2    I.A          n.I.A      A.I.A
      .HEADER LEVEL 3    I.A.a        n.I.A.a    A.I.A.a

2.18  –  .DISPLAY NUMBER

    The .DISPLAY NUMBER command allows you to specify the form that
    sequential numbering (or lettering) of pages will take. This
    command does not change any values; it affects only the way the
    values are displayed. (See also .HEADERS ON, .NUMBER PAGE, .NO
    NUMBER, .LAYOUT, .NUMBER RUNNING, and .NO PAGING.)

    Format

      .DISPLAY NUMBER  y

    Abreviated format

      .DNM  y

2.18.1  –  Parameter

 y

    One of the following one- or two-letter codes:

    Code  Form of Sequence and Case

    D     Decimal numbers
    O     Octal numbers
    H     Hexadecimal numbers
    RU    Roman uppercase numerals
    RL    Roman lowercase numerals
    RM    Roman mixed case numerals - only first numeral is uppercase
    LU    Letters, uppercase
    LL    Letters, lowercase
    LM    Letters, mixed case - only first letter is uppercase

2.18.2  –  Default

    Decimal numbers (D)

2.19  –  .DISPLAY SUBPAGE

    The .DISPLAY SUBPAGE command allows you to specify the form that
    sequential lettering (or numbering) of subpage characters will
    take. Subpage characters are the characters that are appended to
    the page numbers of subpages. This command does not change any
    values; it affects only the way the values are displayed. (See
    also .SUBPAGE and .NUMBER SUBPAGE.)

    Format

      .DISPLAY SUBPAGE  y

    Abreviated format

      .DSP  y

2.19.1  –  Parameter

 y

    One of the following one- or two-letter codes:

    Code     Form of Sequence and Case

    D        Decimal numbers
    O        Octal numbers
    H        Hexadecimal numbers
    RU       Roman uppercase numerals
    RL       Roman lowercase numerals
    RM       Roman mixed case numerals - only first numeral is
             uppercase
    LU       Letters, uppercase
    LL       Letters, lowercase
    LM       Letters, mixed case - only first letter is uppercase

2.19.2  –  Default

    Uppercase letters (LU) appended to the page number preceding the
    subpage

2.20  –  .ENABLE BOLDING

    The .ENABLE BOLDING and .DISABLE BOLDING commands enable and
    disable the bolding function. You can perform bolding only
    if recognition of the Bold flag (*) is turned on and the bold
    function is enabled.

    Formats

      .ENABLE BOLDING

      .DISABLE BOLDING

    Abreviated formats

      .EBO

      .DBO

2.20.1  –  Default

    Operation of the bold function is initially enabled (.ENABLE
    BOLDING), but recognition of the Bold flag (*) is not turned on
    (.NO FLAGS BOLD).

2.21  –  .ENABLE HYPHENATION

    The .ENABLE HYPHENATION and .DISABLE HYPHENATION commands enable
    and disable the hyphenation function.

    You can use hyphenation to close up excessive spacing between
    words. Extra spaces often are placed between words when margins
    are narrow and a line contains several long words.

    Formats

      .ENABLE HYPHENATION

      .DISABLE HYPHENATION

    Abreviated formats

      .EHY

      .DHY

2.21.1  –  Default

    Operation of the hyphenation function is initially enabled
    (.ENABLE HYPHENATION), but recognition of the Hyphenate flag
    (=) is not turned on (.NO FLAGS HYPHENATE).

2.22  –  .ENABLE INDEXING

    The .ENABLE INDEXING and .DISABLE INDEXING commands enable
    and disable the operation of the indexing commands (.INDEX and
    .ENTRY), and the Index flag (>).

    Formats

      .ENABLE INDEXING

      .DISABLE INDEXING

    Abreviated formats

      .EIX

      .DIX

2.22.1  –  Default

    Operation of the index function is initially enabled (.ENABLE
    INDEXING), but recognition of the Index flag (>) is not turned on
    (.NO FLAGS INDEX).

2.23  –  .ENABLE OVERSTRIKING

    The .ENABLE OVERSTRIKING and .DISABLE OVERSTRIKING commands
    enable and disable the overstrike function.

    You use the Overstrike flag (%) to create special characters that
    are not available on the terminal by overstriking any printing
    character with another. For example, you can overstrike a 7 with
    a hyphen to create a European 7.

    Formats

      .ENABLE OVERSTRIKING

      .DISABLE OVERSTRIKING

    Abreviated formats

      .EOV

      .DOV

2.23.1  –  Default

    Operation of the overstrike function is initially enabled
    (.ENABLE OVERSTRIKING), but recognition of the Overstrike flag
    (%) is not turned on (.NO FLAGS OVERSTRIKE).

2.24  –  .ENABLE TOC

    These commands enable and disable DSR's collection of information
    for the table of contents.

    Formats

      .ENABLE TOC

      .DISABLE TOC

    Abreviated formats

      .ETC

      .DTC

2.24.1  –  Default

    Operation of the table of contents function is initially enabled
    (.ENABLE TOC).

2.25  –  .ENABLE UNDERLINING

    The .ENABLE UNDERLINING and .DISABLE UNDERLINING commands enable
    and disable the underline function. You can perform underlining
    only if recognition of the Underline flag (&) is turned on and
    the underline function is enabled.

    Formats

      .ENABLE UNDERLINING

      .DISABLE UNDERLINING

    Abreviated formats

      .EUN

      .DUL

2.25.1  –  Default

    Operation of the underline function is initially enabled (.ENABLE
    UNDERLINING) and recognition of the Underline flag (&) is turned
    on (.FLAGS UNDERLINE).

2.26  –  .ENTRY

    The .ENTRY command creates an index entry without a page number
    reference. It is usually used for "See..." or "See also..." index
    entries.

    Format

      .ENTRY  topic [>subtopic1... >subtopicn]

    Abreviated format

      .Y  topic [>subtopic1... >subtopicn]

2.27  –  .FIGURE

    The .FIGURE command leaves room on a page for you to insert a
    figure later. You specify the number of blank lines you need, and
    DSR leaves that amount of space on the current page if there is
    enough room.

    If there is not enough room on the current page, DSR ends the
    page immediately and then puts the blank lines at the top of the
    next page.

    Format

      .FIGURE  [n]

    Abreviated format

      .FG   [n]

2.27.1  –  Parameter

 n

    The number of blank lines needed. Values of 0 or less are not
    valid and n cannot exceed the number of lines of text allowed
    on a page (this would be the page-length value associated with
    the .PAGE SIZE command minus any header lines, any forced blank
    spaces after the header information, and any bottom of the page
    information specified by .LAYOUT 1, .LAYOUT 2, or .LAYOUT 3).

2.27.2  –  Default

    .FIGURE 1

2.28  –  .FIGURE DEFERRED

    The .FIGURE DEFERRED command leaves room on a page for you to
    insert a figure later. You specify the number of blank lines you
    need, and DSR leaves that amount of space on the current page if
    there is enough room.

    If there is not enough room on the current page, .FIGURE DEFERRED
    first adds enough text to complete the page and then puts the
    required number of blank lines at the top of the next page.

    Format

      .FIGURE DEFERRED  [n]

    Abreviated format

      .FGD  [n]

2.28.1  –  Parameter

 n

    The number of blank lines needed. Values of 0 or less are not
    valid and n cannot exceed the number of lines of text allowed
    on a page (this would be the page-length value associated with
    the .PAGE SIZE command minus any header lines, any forced blank
    spaces after the header information, and any bottom of the page
    information specified by .LAYOUT 1, .LAYOUT 2, or .LAYOUT 3).

2.28.2  –  Default

    .FIGURE DEFERRED 1

2.29  –  .FILL

    The .FILL command causes DSR to treat line endings exactly like
    spaces (see also .NO SPACE). Line-filling is the accumulation of
    words on a line until the addition of one more word would exceed
    the right margin. If .NO FILL is in effect, line endings in the
    input file are duplicated in the output file (see also .KEEP).

    Formats

      .FILL

      .NO FILL

    Abreviated formats

      .F

      .NF

2.29.1  –  Default

    .FILL

2.30  –  .FIRST TITLE

    The .FIRST TITLE command allows running-head information to
    appear on the first page of a document with no chapters. (See
    also .HEADERS ON, .LAYOUT, .TITLE, .SUBTITLE, and .AUTOSUBTITLE.)

    Format

      .FIRST TITLE

    Abreviated format

      .FT

2.30.1  –  Default

    No running-head information on the first page

2.31  –  .FLAGS ACCEPT

    The .FLAGS ACCEPT and .NO FLAGS ACCEPT commands turn on and turn
    off recognition of the Accept flag character (_).

    Formats

      .FLAGS ACCEPT  [k]

      .NO FLAGS ACCEPT

    Abreviated formats

      .FL ACCEPT  [k]

      .NFL ACCEPT

2.31.1  –  Parameter

 k

    Specifies a character to replace the current flag character.

2.31.2  –  Default

    .FLAGS ACCEPT - Recognition of the Accept flag character (_) is
    turned on.

2.32  –  .FLAGS ALL

    The .FLAGS ALL and .NO FLAGS ALL commands function as master
    switches for all other .FLAGS/.NO FLAGS flag-name command
    settings, except the .FLAGS/.NO FLAGS COMMENT and .FLAGS/.NO
    FLAGS CONTROL commands.

    The .FLAGS ALL and .NO FLAGS ALL commands turn on and turn off
    recognition of all flags without disturbing other flag command
    settings. (An analogy for flag recognition is turning on a master
    switch [entering .FLAGS ALL] - those lights whose switches are
    in the ON position will go on and those whose switches are in the
    OFF position will not go on.) See also .ENABLE/.DISABLE BOLDING,
    HYPHENATION, INDEXING, OVERSTRIKING, and UNDERLINING commands.

    Formats

      .FLAGS ALL

      .NO FLAGS ALL

      .FLAGS

      .NO FLAGS

    Abreviated formats

      .FL

      .NFL

2.32.1  –  Default

    .FLAGS ALL

2.33  –  .FLAGS BOLD

    The .FLAGS BOLD and .NO FLAGS BOLD commands turn on and turn off
    recognition of the Bold flag character (*).

    Formats

      .FLAGS BOLD  [k]

      .NO FLAGS BOLD

    Abreviated formats

      .FL BOLD  [k]

      .NFL BOLD

2.33.1  –  Parameter

 k

    Specifies a character to replace the current flag character.

2.33.2  –  Default

    .NO FLAGS BOLD - Recognition of the Bold flag character (*) is
    turned off.

2.34  –  .FLAGS BREAK

    The .FLAGS BREAK and .NO FLAGS BREAK commands turn on and turn
    off recognition of the Break flag character (|).

    Formats

      .FLAGS BREAK  [k]

      .NO FLAGS BREAK

    Abreviated formats

      .FL BREAK  [k]

      .NFL BREAK

2.34.1  –  Parameter

 k

    Specifies a character to replace the current flag character.

2.34.2  –  Default

    .NO FLAGS BREAK - Recognition of the Break flag character (|) is
    turned off.

2.35  –  .FLAGS CAPITALIZE

    The .FLAGS CAPITALIZE and .NO FLAGS CAPITALIZE commands turn on
    and turn off recognition of the Capitalize flag character (<).

    Formats

      .FLAGS CAPITALIZE  [k]

      .NO FLAGS CAPITALIZE

    Abreviated formats

      .FL CAPITALIZE  [k]

      .NFL CAPITALIZE

2.35.1  –  Parameter

 k

    Specifies a character to replace the current flag character.

2.35.2  –  Default

    .NO FLAGS CAPITALIZE - Recognition of the Capitalize flag
    character (<) is turned off.

2.36  –  .FLAGS COMMENT

    The .FLAGS COMMENT and .NO FLAGS COMMENT commands turn on and
    turn off recognition of the Comment flag character (!).

    Formats

      .FLAGS COMMENT  [k]

      .NO FLAGS COMMENT

    Abreviated formats

      .FL COMMENT  [k]

      .NFL COMMENT

2.36.1  –  Parameter

 k

    Specifies a character to replace the current flag character.

2.36.2  –  Default

    .FLAGS COMMENT - Recognition of the Comment flag character (!) is
    turned on.

2.37  –  .FLAGS CONTROL

    The .FLAGS CONTROL and .NO FLAGS CONTROL commands control
    recognition of the Control flag character (the period (.) that
    begins a DSR command). You can enter .FLAGS CONTROL to change
    the character that precedes the commands from a period (.) to a
    character of your choice. You can enter .NO FLAGS CONTROL to turn
    off recognition of the Control flag character.

                                   NOTE

       There is no way to reenable recognition of the Control flag
       once you enter the .NO FLAGS CONTROL command.

    Formats

      .FLAGS CONTROL  [k]

      .NO FLAGS CONTROL

    Abreviated formats

      .FL CONTROL  [k]

      .NFL CONTROL

2.37.1  –  Parameter

 k

    Specifies a character to replace the current Control flag
    character.

2.37.2  –  Default

    .FLAGS CONTROL - Recognition of the Control flag character (.) is
    turned on.

2.38  –  .FLAGS HYPHENATE

    The .FLAGS HYPHENATE and .NO FLAGS HYPHENATE commands turn on and
    turn off recognition of the Hyphenate flag character (=).

    Formats

      .FLAGS HYPHENATE  [k]

      .NO FLAGS HYPHENATE

    Abreviated formats

      .FL HYPHENATE  [k]

      .NFL HYPHENATE

2.38.1  –  Parameter

 k

    Specifies a character to replace the current flag character.

2.38.2  –  Default

    .NO FLAGS HYPHENATE - Recognition of the Hyphenate flag character
    (=) is turned off.

2.39  –  .FLAGS INDEX

    The .FLAGS INDEX and .NO FLAGS INDEX commands turn on and turn
    off recognition of the Index flag character (>).

    Formats

      .FLAGS INDEX  [k]

      .NO FLAGS INDEX

    Abreviated formats

      .FL INDEX  [k]

      .NFL INDEX

2.39.1  –  Parameter

 k

    Specifies a character to replace the current flag character.

2.39.2  –  Default

    .NO FLAGS INDEX - Recognition of the Index flag character (>) is
    turned off.

2.40  –  .FLAGS LOWERCASE

    The .FLAGS LOWERCASE and .NO FLAGS LOWERCASE commands turn on and
    turn off recognition of the Lowercase flag character (\).

    Formats

      .FLAGS LOWERCASE  [k]

      .NO FLAGS LOWERCASE

    Abreviated formats

      .FL LOWERCASE  [k]

      .NFL LOWERCASE

2.40.1  –  Parameter

 k

    Specifies a character to replace the current flag character.

2.40.2  –  Default

    .FLAGS LOWERCASE - Recognition of the Lowercase flag character
    (\) is turned on.

2.41  –  .FLAGS OVERSTRIKE

    The .FLAGS OVERSTRIKE and .NO FLAGS OVERSTRIKE commands enable
    and disable recognition of the Overstrike flag character (%).

    Formats

      .FLAGS OVERSTRIKE  [k]

      .NO FLAGS OVERSTRIKE

    Abreviated formats

      .FL OVERSTRIKE  [k]

      .NFL OVERSTRIKE

2.41.1  –  Parameter

 k

    Specifies a character to replace the current flag character.

2.41.2  –  Default

    .NO FLAGS OVERSTRIKE - Recognition of the Overstrike flag
    character (%) is turned off.

2.42  –  .FLAGS PERIOD

    The .FLAGS PERIOD and .NO FLAGS PERIOD commands turn on and turn
    off recognition of the Period flag character (+). When the period
    flag is in effect, an extra space is inserted after the following
    punctuation marks: period (.), colon (:), question mark (?) and
    exclamation point (!).

    Formats

      .FLAGS PERIOD  [k]

      .NO FLAGS PERIOD

    Abreviated formats

      .FL PERIOD  [k]

      .NFL PERIOD

2.42.1  –  Parameter

 k

    Specifies a character to replace the current flag character.

2.42.2  –  Default

    .PERIOD FLAG - Recognition of the Period flag character (+) is
    turned on.

2.43  –  .FLAGS SPACE

    The .FLAGS SPACE and .NO FLAGS SPACE commands turn on and turn
    off recognition of the Space flag character (#).

    Formats

      .FLAGS SPACE  [k]

      .NO FLAGS SPACE

    Abreviated formats

      .FL SPACE  [k]

      .NFL SPACE

2.43.1  –  Parameter

 k

    Specifies a character to replace the current flag character.

2.43.2  –  Default

    .FLAGS SPACE - Recognition of the Space flag character (#) is
    turned on.

2.44  –  .FLAGS SUBINDEX

    The .FLAGS SUBINDEX and .NO FLAGS SUBINDEX commands turn on and
    turn off recognition of the Subindex flag (>). You can also
    use the .FLAGS SUBINDEX command to change the Subindex flag to
    another character. If you enter .NO FLAGS SUBINDEX, the command
    will cause a right angle bracket (>) to be printed as part of
    your indexed text, instead of causing subindexing.

    Formats

      .FLAGS SUBINDEX  [k]

      .NO FLAGS SUBINDEX

    Abreviated formats

      .FL SUBINDEX  [k]

      .NFL SUBINDEX

2.44.1  –  Parameter

 k

    Specifies a character to replace the current flag character.

2.44.2  –  Default

    .FLAGS SUBINDEX - Recognition of the Subindex flag character (>)
    within .INDEX or .ENTRY commands is turned on. The Subindex flag
    character is always taken as normal text outside an .INDEX or
    .ENTRY command.

2.45  –  .FLAGS SUBSTITUTE

    The .FLAGS SUBSTITUTE and .NO FLAGS SUBSTITUTE commands turn on
    and turn off recognition of the Substitute flag character ($).
    The default Substitute flag character ($) or any replacement
    character you specify must be used in pairs.

    Formats

      .FLAGS SUBSTITUTE  [k]

      .NO FLAGS SUBSTITUTE

    Abreviated formats

      .FL SUBSTITUTE  [k]

      .NFL SUBSTITUTE

2.45.1  –  Parameter

 k

    Specifies a character to replace the current flag character.

2.45.2  –  Default

    .NO FLAGS SUBSTITUTE - Recognition of the Substitute flag
    character ($) is turned off.

2.46  –  .FLAGS UNDERLINE

    The .FLAGS UNDERLINE and .NO FLAGS UNDERLINE commands turn on and
    turn off recognition of the Underline flag character (&).

    Formats

      .FLAGS UNDERLINE  [k]

      .NO FLAGS UNDERLINE

    Abreviated formats

      .FL UNDERLINE  [k]

      .NFL UNDERLINE

2.46.1  –  Parameter

 k

    Specifies a character to replace the current flag character.

2.46.2  –  Default

    .FLAGS UNDERLINE - Recognition of the Underline flag character
    (&) is turned on.

2.47  –  .FLAGS UPPERCASE

    The .FLAGS UPPERCASE and .NO FLAGS UPPERCASE commands turn on and
    turn off recognition of the Uppercase flag (^).

    Formats

      .FLAGS UPPERCASE  [k]

      .NO FLAGS UPPERCASE

    Abreviated formats

      .FL UPPERCASE  [k]

      .NFL UPPERCASE

2.47.1  –  Parameter

 k

    Specifies a character to replace the current flag character.

2.47.2  –  Default

    .FLAGS UPPERCASE - Recognition of the Uppercase flag character
    (^) is turned on.

2.48  –  .FOOTNOTE

    The .FOOTNOTE command places the text following it at the bottom
    of the current page if there is room. If there is not enough
    room on the current page for the entire footnote, DSR places the
    entire note at the bottom of the next page.

    The .END FOOTNOTE command ends the footnote and restores any
    case, fill, justify, spacing, or margin settings that you might
    have changed within the footnote.

    The right margin of the footnote will be the same as the right
    margin in effect for the document at the time the footnote is
    created. If you change the right margin of the document but
    want the right margin of all footnotes to be the same, enter the
    .RIGHT MARGIN command immediately after each .FOOTNOTE command to
    set the same right margin for each footnote.

    The left margin setting of the footnote is defaulted to 0.

    Formats

      .FOOTNOTE  [n]

      .END FOOTNOTE

    Abreviated formats

      .FN  [n]

      .EFN

2.48.1  –  Parameter

 n

    The number of lines the footnote will occupy. This argument is
    included only for compatibility with older versions of RUNOFF and
    is not necessary or recommended.

2.49  –  .HEADER LEVEL

    The .HEADER LEVEL command allows you to specify both a section
    number and a section title. Successive .HEADER LEVEL commands
    of the same value (all .HEADER LEVEL 1's for example) cause the
    section numbers to increase sequentially. This happens at all six
    levels of headers. If your current section is in Chapter 2 and is
    numbered 2.5.2.4 (a header level 3), then the following numbering
    would result depending upon the .HEADER LEVEL command you used:

    o  .HL4 would number the next section 2.5.2.4.1

    o  .HL3 (or .HL without a value, since .HL defaults to the
       current level) would number the next section 2.5.2.5

    o  .HL2 would number the next section 2.5.3

    o  .HL1 would number the next section 2.6

    (See also .DISPLAY LEVELS, .NUMBER LEVEL, .SET LEVEL, and .STYLE
    HEADERS.)

    Following is a summary of default header level numbering for
    three levels of three different types of documents:
    Default Header Level Numbering

                       Nonchapter  Chapter n    Appendix A

    .HEADER LEVEL 1    1           n.1          A.1
    .HEADER LEVEL 2    1.1         n.1.1        A.1.1
    .HEADER LEVEL 3    1.1.1       n.1.1.1      A.1.1.1

    Format

      .HEADER LEVEL  [[+/-]n] [title]

    Abreviated format

      .HL  [[+/-]n] [title]

2.49.1  –  Parameters

 n

    A number from 1 to 6 that specifies the level of the header. Do
    not confuse the level numbers with the header numbers that are
    printed in your document just to the left of the header title.

 +n

    Adds n to the current header level number.

 -n

    Subtracts n from the current header level number.

 title

    The name of the section you are now starting. Do not precede the
    title with a semicolon (;).

2.49.2  –  Default

    If you enter .HEADER LEVEL without specifying a level number, you
    get the current header level. All header levels, .HEADER LEVEL
    1 to .HEADER LEVEL 6, begin their numbering with 1 unless you
    specify another value with .NUMBER LEVEL.

2.50  –  .HEADERS ON

    The .HEADERS ON and .NO HEADERS commands restore and cancel,
    respectively, the capability of having one or two lines of
    information at the top of a page. These lines indicate the
    content of the page and the page number. They are called running
    heads, which you should not confuse with section heads (specified
    with .HEADER LEVEL commands).

    Formats

      .HEADERS [ON]

      .NO HEADERS

    Abreviated formats

      .HD [ON]

      .NHD

      .HD

2.50.1  –  Default

    .HEADERS ON

2.51  –  .HEADERS case

    The .HEADERS case commands specify the case of the word "page"
    that precedes the page number. The commands .HEADERS UPPER,
    .HEADERS LOWER and .HEADERS MIXED produce, respectively, PAGE,
    page, and Page. In an index, these commands also affect the word
    "index" that is part of the page number, for example, Page Index-
    3. The command normally takes effect on the next page.

    Formats

      .HEADERS  UPPER

      .HEADERS  LOWER

      .HEADERS  MIXED

    Abreviated formats

      .HD  UPPER

      .HD  LOWER

      .HD  MIXED

2.51.1  –  Default

    .HEADERS MIXED

2.52  –  .INDENT

    The .INDENT command causes the first line of text following it to
    begin at a position relative to the left margin.

    Format

      .INDENT  [[-]n]

    Abreviated format

      .I  [[-]n]

2.52.1  –  Parameters

 n

    Specifies how many character positions to the right of the left
    margin setting the first line of text will begin.

 -n

    Specifies how many character positions to the left of the left
    margin setting the first line of text will begin. .INDENT cannot
    begin to the left of character position 0.

2.52.2  –  Default

    If you enter .INDENT without a number, you get the indent value
    that you specified with .PARAGRAPH or .SET PARAGRAPH. If you
    did not enter either of these paragraph commands, you get an
    indentation of 5.

2.53  –  .INDEX

    The .INDEX command creates an index entry with a page number
    reference.

    Format

      .INDEX  topic [>subtopic1... >subtopicn]

    Abreviated format

      .X  topic [>subtopic1... >subtopicn]

2.54  –  .JUSTIFY

    The .JUSTIFY command causes DSR to insert exactly enough space
    between words so that the last character reaches the right
    margin. The .NO JUSTIFY command disables justification.

    Formats

      .JUSTIFY

      .NO JUSTIFY

    Abreviated formats

      .J

      .NJ

2.54.1  –  Default

    .JUSTIFY

2.55  –  .KEEP

    The .KEEP command allows you to keep blank lines that are present
    in the input file, in the output file when .NO FILL is in effect.
    Normally, multiple blank lines in the input file are discarded
    in the output file while .NO FILL is in effect. .NO KEEP also
    discards blank lines when .NO FILL is in effect. (See also
    .LITERAL.)

    Formats

      .KEEP

      .NO KEEP

    Abreviated formats

      .K

      .NK

2.55.1  –  Default

    .NO KEEP

2.56  –  .LAYOUT

    The .LAYOUT command rearranges running-head and running-foot
    information on pages. (See the .HEADERS ON command.) When the
    default .LAYOUT operates, page numbering is not displayed on the
    first page, it starts on page 2.

    Format

      .LAYOUT  n1 [,n2]

    Abreviated format

      .LO  n1 [,n2]

2.56.1  –  Parameters

 n1

    A number from 0 to 3 that specifies one of the following
    arrangements of running head information:

    .LAYOUT 0   Restores the standard arrangement of title and
                subtitle in the upper left of a page, and page number
                and date in the upper right.
    .LAYOUT 1   Titles and subtitles are centered at the tops of
                pages. Page numbers are centered at the bottom. No
                date is output.
    .LAYOUT 2   Titles and subtitles appear at the top right of
                right-hand (odd-numbered) pages and at the top left
                of left-hand (even-numbered) pages. Page numbers are
                centered at the bottom. No date is output.
    .LAYOUT 3   Gives the standard page arrangement for title and
                subtitle (as in .LAYOUT 0), but with the addition
                of running-page numbers centered at the bottom of
                pages between two hyphens (for example, - 23 -).
                Running-page numbers are consecutive through the
                entire document rather than within chapters; they
                are not affected by the .NO NUMBER or .NUMBER PAGE
                commands. (See also .NUMBER RUNNING.)

 n2

    Specifies how many lines below the last line of text on a page
    the number will appear. You must specify n2 if n1 is 1, 2, or 3.
    If n1 is 0, you cannot specify a value for n2.

2.56.2  –  Default

    .LAYOUT 0

2.57  –  .LEFT MARGIN

    The .LEFT MARGIN command sets the left margin to the specified
    position.

    Format

      .LEFT MARGIN  [[+/-]n]

    Abreviated format

      .LM  [[+/-]n]

2.57.1  –  Parameters

 n

    Specifies the number of the character position of the left
    margin. For example, .LEFT MARGIN 0 sets the left margin just
    to the left of the first character position.

 +n

    Sets the left margin n character positions to the right of the
    current left margin.

 -n

    Sets the left margin n character positions to the left of the
    current left margin.

2.57.2  –  Default

    .LEFT MARGIN 0

2.58  –  .LIST

    The .LIST command specifies the beginning of a list by resetting
    the left margin farther to the right, by setting a .SKIP command
    value to take effect before each item in the list, and by
    executing .TEST PAGE. Use the .LIST ELEMENT command to specify
    each item in the list. .LIST ELEMENT commands also give you
    numbers or letters in sequence in the left margin or let you
    substitute a single character of your choice for each of the
    numbers or letters (for example, the lowercase letter o, which
    is known as a "bullet"). (See also .DISPLAY ELEMENTS and .NUMBER
    LIST.)

    The .END LIST command ends a list, restoring any fill, justify,
    case, margin, or spacing settings that were in effect before you
    entered the most recent .LIST command. You can also specify a
    value with .END LIST that puts blank lines after the last item in
    the list (as with .SKIP).

    Formats

      .LIST  [[-]n] ["x"]

      .END LIST  [[-]n]

      .LIST  [[-]n] ['x']

      .END LIST  [[-]n]

    Abreviated formats

      .LS  [[-]n] ["x"]

      .ELS  [[-]n]

      .LS  [[-]n] ['x']

      .ELS  [[-]n]

2.58.1  –  Parameters

 n

    With .LIST, specifies the number of blank lines to appear before
    each item. Each blank line can result in additional blank lines
    if the .SPACING setting is greater than 1. (See .SKIP n.)

    With .END LIST, behaves the same as n with .LIST, however, the
    blank lines appear after the final item in the current list.

 -n

    With .LIST, pushes the next line of list text to within n lines
    of the bottom of the current page by inserting blank lines. (See
    .SKIP -n and .BLANK -n.)

    With .END LIST, pushes the next line of current list text to
    within n lines of the bottom of the current page by inserting
    blank lines. (See .SKIP -n and .BLANK -n.)

 "x"

    A character enclosed in quotation marks ("x") or apostrophes
    ('x') that you can specify to appear at the beginning of each
    list item.

2.58.2  –  Defaults

    o  If you omit n from either .LIST or .END LIST, you get the
       .SKIP value associated with .PARAGRAPH or .SET PARAGRAPH or 1
       (if you have not specified such a value).

    o  If you omit "x," you get a sequence of decimal numbers
       beginning with 1, or you get another kind of sequence if you
       enter the .DISPLAY ELEMENTS command after the .LIST.

2.59  –  .LIST ELEMENT

    The .LIST ELEMENT command specifies the beginning of each item
    in a list. If you specify a character in a .LIST command, it
    appears, followed by two spaces, before each item. Otherwise,
    a sequence of numbers or letters, as defined in the .DISPLAY
    ELEMENTS command, appears when you enter successive .LIST ELEMENT
    commands. If you have not entered the .DISPLAY ELEMENTS command,
    you will get a sequence of decimal numbers, each followed by a
    period and two spaces. (See .LIST, .END LIST, .DISPLAY ELEMENTS,
    and .NUMBER LIST.)

    Format

      .LIST ELEMENT;  text

    Abreviated format

      .LE;  text

2.59.1  –  Parameter

 text

    The text that will appear after the list element delimiter.

2.59.2  –  Defaults

    o  If you have not entered the .LIST command with a specified
       character to appear in the left margin, you will get the kind
       of sequence that you specified in .DISPLAY ELEMENTS.

    o  If you have not entered the .DISPLAY ELEMENTS command, you
       will get decimal numbers, each followed by a period and two
       spaces.

2.60  –  .LITERAL

    The .LITERAL command allows you to have your text formatted
    exactly as you have typed it. This means that you will get a
    blank line in the output file wherever a blank line occurs in the
    input file. (If the value specified by the .SPACING command is
    anything other than one, you will get the spacing value that you
    specified.)

    Commands are not recognized when .LITERAL is in effect and are
    treated as ordinary text if you enter them. DSR flags are also
    treated as normal text. Tab stops set prior to the .LITERAL
    command, however, are still in effect within the block of
    .LITERAL text (see .TAB STOPS). You must enter .END LITERAL when
    you want DSR to resume normal formatting.

    If you want to have flags in effect, use the .KEEP and .NO FILL
    commands instead of the .LITERAL command.

    Formats

      .LITERAL  [n]

      .END LITERAL

    Abreviated formats

      .LT  [n]

      .EL

2.60.1  –  Parameter

 n

    The number of lines to be produced. This argument is included
    only for compatibility with older versions of RUNOFF and is not
    necessary or recommended.

2.61  –  .NO SPACE

    The .NO SPACE command prevents the insertion of the end-of-line
    space for one line of text only, causing the characters at the
    end of one line and the beginning of the next to be adjacent.

    Without the .NO SPACE command, when .FILL is in effect, DSR
    treats the end of an input line exactly like a space. That is,
    it inserts a space in the output file at the place where each
    input line ended (this is the meaning of "fill\nospace").

    If you ever have occasion to use this command, you should enter
    it immediately after the end-of-line space that you want to
    affect.

    Format

      .NO SPACE

    Abreviated format

      .NSP

2.61.1  –  Default

    You get the normal space when you press the Return key unless you
    execute .NO SPACE.

2.62  –  .NOTE

    The .NOTE command highlights a portion of text by narrowing the
    margin settings, centering the text on the page, and printing a
    title centered over the text.

    The .END NOTE command restores the fill, justify, case, margin,
    and spacing settings that were in effect just before you entered
    the .NOTE.

    Formats

      .NOTE  [text]

      .END NOTE  [[-]n]

    Abreviated formats

      .NT  [text]

      .EN  [[-]n]

2.62.1  –  Parameters

 n

    Specifies the number of blank lines to follow the note. If
    .SPACING has a value greater than 1, you will get more lines
    than you specified. (See also .SKIP n.)

 -n

    Specifies that the next line of text be pushed to within n lines
    of the bottom of the current page by the insertion of blank
    lines. (See also .SKIP -n and .BLANK -n.)

 text

    A title for the note. If omitted, the word NOTE appears in
    uppercase letters over the text.

2.62.2  –  Default

    The word NOTE appears in uppercase letters over the text if you
    do not specify a title. The .END NOTE command leaves 1 blank line
    after the note.

2.63  –  .NUMBER APPENDIX

    The .NUMBER APPENDIX command allows you to specify an identifying
    letter with which a sequence of appendixes will begin. The next
    .APPENDIX command starts the sequence. Subsequent .APPENDIX
    commands cause appendixes to be lettered in alphabetic order.
    See also .DISPLAY APPENDIX.

    Format

      .NUMBER APPENDIX  [[+/-]n]

    Abreviated format

      .NMAX  [[+/-]n]

2.63.1  –  Parameters

 n

    The character that specifies what the next appendix letter will
    be. You can specify the letter itself (A) or you can specify a
    number corresponding (in order) to the letter that will identify
    the appendix. For example, 1=A, 26=Z, 27=AA, 28=AB.

 +n

    Specifies how many alphabetically ordered letters past the
    current appendix letter the next .APPENDIX character will be.
    For example, if the current appendix is APPENDIX B, then .NUMBER
    APPENDIX +2 will cause the next .APPENDIX to produce APPENDIX D.

 -n

    Specifies how many alphabetically ordered letters before the
    current appendix letter the next .APPENDIX letter will be.

2.63.2  –  Default

    Sequential uppercase lettering, beginning with A.

2.64  –  .NUMBER CHAPTER

    The .NUMBER CHAPTER command allows you to specify the number
    with which a sequence of chapters will begin. The next .CHAPTER
    command starts the sequence. Subsequent .CHAPTER commands will
    cause each chapter to be numbered one higher than the previous
    chapter. (See also .DISPLAY CHAPTER.)

    Format

      .NUMBER CHAPTER  [[+/-]n]

    Abreviated format

      .NMCH  [[+/-]n]

2.64.1  –  Parameters

 n

    The number that the next .CHAPTER will have. Entering the .NUMBER
    CHAPTER command without an argument gives Chapter 1.

 +n

    Adds n to the number of the most recently issued .CHAPTER. The
    result is the number that the next .CHAPTER will have.

 -n

    Subtracts n from the number of the most recently entered
    .CHAPTER. The result is the number that the next .CHAPTER will
    have.

2.64.2  –  Default

    Sequential decimal numbering, beginning with 1.

2.65  –  .NUMBER LEVEL

    The .NUMBER LEVEL command allows you to specify the beginning
    number of a sequence of headers. Enter this command immediately
    before the first .HEADER LEVEL command that you want to affect.
    Subsequent .HEADER LEVEL commands will each be one higher than
    the preceding one according to its level (see .HEADER LEVEL).
    (See also .STYLE HEADERS and .DISPLAY LEVELS.)

    Format

      .NUMBER LEVEL  [[+/-]n1] [,[+/-]n2]...[,[+/-]n6]

    Abreviated format

      .NMLV  [[+/-]n1] [,[+/-]n2]...[,[+/-]n6]

2.65.1  –  Parameters

 n1,n2,...n6

    Indicate positioned numbers in a section header. The commas
    correspond to the dots in the printed section number. For
    example, to set the next .HEADER LEVEL to 3.5.2.4, you would
    enter the following commands:

       .NUMBER LEVEL 3,5,2,4
       .HEADER LEVEL

 +nN

    Adds n to the current value of the parameter N.

 -nN

    Subtracts n from the current value of the parameter N.

2.65.2  –  Default

    Sequential decimal numbering, beginning with 1.

2.66  –  .NUMBER LIST

    The .NUMBER LIST command allows you to specify, anywhere in a
    list, the number with which a sequence of items in a list will
    begin. Enter this command just before the .LIST ELEMENT command
    that you want to affect. Subsequent list elements will each have
    a number that is one greater than the number for the preceding
    .LIST ELEMENT command. (See also .DISPLAY ELEMENTS, with which
    you can specify the form the number will take.)

    Format

      .NUMBER LIST   n

    Abreviated format

      .NMLS  n

2.66.1  –  Parameter

 n

    Specifies a string of characters or the number with which a
    following sequence of items in a list will begin. You must enter
    .LIST ELEMENT following the .NUMBER LIST command.

2.66.2  –  Default

    Sequential decimal numbering, beginning with 1.

2.67  –  .NUMBER PAGE

    The .NO NUMBER command suspends normal page numbering. The
    .NUMBER PAGE command resumes normal page numbering, having kept
    track of the numbering while .NO NUMBER was in effect; or it
    allows you to specify the beginning of a new number sequence by
    specifying a number for the next page. (See also .NUMBER RUNNING,
    .DISPLAY NUMBER, .NO PAGING, and .HEADERS ON.)

    Formats

      .NUMBER PAGE  [[+/-]n]

      .NO NUMBER

    Abreviated formats

      .NMPG  [[+/-]n]

      .NNM

2.67.1  –  Parameters

 n

    The number that the next page will have.

 +n

    Sets the number of the next page to n more than the number of the
    current page.

 -n

    Sets the number of the next page to n less than the number of the
    current page.

2.67.2  –  Default

    Sequential decimal numbering, beginning with 1 or chapter
    number-1 or appendix letter-1.

2.68  –  .NUMBER RUNNING

    The .NUMBER RUNNING command allows you to specify the beginning
    of a new sequence of running page numbers. This command affects
    page numbers only if you have entered a .LAYOUT command with an
    n1 value of 3. (See .LAYOUT, .HEADERS ON, and .NO NUMBER.)

    Format

      .NUMBER RUNNING  [[+/-]n]

    Abreviated format

      .NMR  [[+/-]n]

2.68.1  –  Parameters

 n

    The running number that the next page will have.

 +n

    Sets the running number of the next page to n more than the
    running number of the current page.

 -n

    Sets the running number of the next page to n less than the
    running number of the current page.

2.68.2  –  Default

    No running page numbers.

2.69  –  .NUMBER SUBPAGE

    The .NUMBER SUBPAGE command allows you to specify the beginning
    of a new sequence of subpage numbers, for example, 1-16A, 1-16B,
    1-16C, and so on. This command affects only the letters that the
    .SUBPAGE command appends to the normally numeric page number.
    .NUMBER SUBPAGE takes effect on the next page. (See also .SUBPAGE
    and .DISPLAY SUBPAGE.)

    Format

      .NUMBER SUBPAGE  [[+/-]n]

    Abreviated format

      .NMSPG  [[+/-]n]

2.69.1  –  Parameters

 n

    The subpage letter that will be appended to the number of the
    next page. You can specify the letter itself (A) or you can
    specify a number corresponding (in order) to the letter that
    the subpage will have. For example, 1=A, 26=Z, 27=AA, 28=AB.

 +n

    Specifies how many alphabetically ordered letters past the
    current subpage letter the next subpage letter will be. For
    example, if the current subpage is page 3-12E, then .NUMBER
    SUBPAGE +2 will cause the next subpage to be numbered 3-12G.

 -n

    Specifies how many alphabetically ordered letters before the
    current subpage letter the next subpage letter will be.

2.69.2  –  Default

    Sequential uppercase lettering, beginning with A.

2.70  –  .PAGE

    The .PAGE command starts a new page. A page must have either
    text or a .FIGURE DEFERRED command on it for the.PAGE command to
    create a new page. Consecutive .PAGE commands do not create blank
    pages.

    Format

      .PAGE

    Abreviated format

      .PG

2.71  –  .PAGE SIZE

    The .PAGE SIZE command sets the page "frame" by specifying the
    page length (the maximum number of lines of text on a page)
    and the page width for the running heads. (Compare with .RIGHT
    MARGIN, which sets the text width.) The width component of .PAGE
    SIZE and the value established by .RIGHT MARGIN are separate
    values.

    Format

      .PAGE SIZE  [[+/-]n1] [,[+/-]n2]

    Abreviated format

      .PS  [[+/-]n1] [,[+/-]n2]

2.71.1  –  Parameters

 n1

    (Length) is the maximum number of lines on a page; n1 cannot be
    smaller than 13.

 +n1

    Increases the current page length by n1 lines.

 -n1

    Decreases the current page length by n1 lines.

 n2

    (Width) is the maximum number of characters on a line for running
    heads; n2 cannot be larger than 150.

 +n2

    Increases the current page width by n2 characters.

 -n2

    Decreases the current page width by n2 characters.

2.71.2  –  Default

    .PAGE SIZE 58,70

2.72  –  .PAGING

    The .PAGING command enables paging. The .NO PAGING command
    disables it.

    Formats

      .PAGING

      .NO PAGING

    Abreviated formats

      .PA

      .NPA

2.72.1  –  Default

    .PAGING

2.73  –  .PARAGRAPH

    The .PARAGRAPH command controls spacing and page placement
    associated with the creation of paragraphs. The .PARAGRAPH
    command executes .TEST PAGE, followed by .SKIP and .INDENT. (See
    also .SET PARAGRAPH.)

    Format

      .PARAGRAPH  [[-]n1 [,[-]n2 [,n3]]]

    Abreviated format

      .P  [[-]n1 [,[-]n2 [,n3]]]

    The parameters n1, n2, and n3 are identical to the values of the
    .SET PARAGRAPH command. If you choose not to use one of these
    optional parameters, you must use a comma as a placeholder for
    the missing parameter in the parameter list.

2.73.1  –  Parameters

 n1 = spaces indented (The default is 5.)

    Specifies (like .INDENT) how many character positions to the
    right of the left margin setting the first line of text will
    begin.

 -n1

    Specifies how many character positions to the left of the left
    margin setting the first line of text will begin; -n1 cannot,
    however, cause the text to begin to the left of character
    position 0.

 n2 = vertical spacing (The default is 1.)

    Specifies (like .SKIP) the number of blank lines you want
    inserted before the paragraph. You get additional blank lines
    if the .SPACING value is greater than 1 (see .SKIP, .SPACING).

 -n2

    Specifies that the next line of text be pushed to within n2
    lines of the bottom of the current page by the insertion of
    blank lines. Every line but the last one retains the line spacing
    (.SPACING value) that follows it.

 n3 = test page lines (The default is 2.)

    Specifies (like .TEST PAGE) the number of lines of text required
    to be on one page. This parameter, unlike the .TEST PAGE command,
    takes into account any blank lines that the .SPACING command
    is routinely inserting after each line of text. If there is not
    enough room on the current page to accommodate that many lines,
    DSR puts the text on the next page. You can cancel this function
    by specifying 0 for n3.

2.73.2  –  Defaults

    o  .PARAGRAPH 5,1,2

    o  If you enter .PARAGRAPH without one or more of the n values,
       you get the corresponding setting from the previous .PARAGRAPH
       or .SET PARAGRAPH that you entered.

    o  If you enter .PARAGRAPH without one or more of the n values
       and if you have not set values in any previous .PARAGRAPH or
       .SET PARAGRAPH that you might have entered, you get one or
       more of the following:

          n1=5
          n2=1
          n3=2

    The following table shows how to change the default values from 5
    for spaces indented, 1 for vertical spaces, and 2 for test page
    lines:

    Format           Actual Arguments

    .PARAGRAPH       5,1,2
    .PARAGRAPH ,,4   5,1,4
    .PARAGRAPH 3     3,1,2
    .PARAGRAPH ,2    5,2,2

2.74  –  .PERIOD

    DSR normally adds an extra space after any of the following
    punctuation marks in your text: period (.), colon (:), question
    mark (?), and exclamation point (!).

    The .NO PERIOD command cancels the extra space that DSR inserts
    after any of the punctuation marks listed in the previous
    paragraph. The .NO PERIOD command is used to differentiate
    between punctuation used as part of a sentence, and punctuation
    used as part of a DSR command.

    The .PERIOD command restores the routine insertion of an extra
    space following any of the punctuation marks listed in the
    previous paragraph.

    Formats

      .PERIOD

      .NO PERIOD

    Abreviated formats

      .PR

      .NPR

2.74.1  –  Default

    .PERIOD

2.75  –  .REPEAT

    The .REPEAT command allows you to specify up to 150 characters
    to be printed a specified number of times, either horizontally or
    vertically. The text will be repeated horizontally when .FILL is
    in effect, and vertically when .NO FILL is in effect.

    Format

      .REPEAT  n "x" (or n 'x')

    Abreviated format

      .RPT  n "x" (or n 'x')

2.75.1  –  Parameters

 n

    The number of times you want the characters printed.

 x

    A string of up to 150 characters. You must enclose the characters
    within quotation marks (" ") or apostrophes (' ').

2.76  –  .REQUIRE

    The .REQUIRE command allows you to process several DSR files at
    the same time and merge them in an output file.

    Format

      .REQUIRE  "filespec" (or 'filespec')

    Abreviated format

      .REQ  "filespec" (or 'filespec')

2.76.1  –  Parameter

 filespec

    A file specification enclosed in quotation marks or apostrophes.
    If you just specify a file name, the default file type is .RNO.
    If you do not supply a full file specification, DSR uses your
    default device and directory. If you want to include (.REQUIRE)
    files from other devices or directories, you must specify the
    full file specification.

2.77  –  .RESTORE

    This command, when used with the .SAVE command, maintains the
    formatting context of a document for the user. The files produced
    by the DSR utilities make changes to the formatting context. In
    order not to disturb the user's context, the .RNT and .RNX files
    execute .SAVE and .RESTORE commands.

    The .RESTORE command restores the formatting information saved
    by the last-issued .SAVE command. .SAVE/ .RESTORE pairs may be
    nested up to 10 pairs deep.

    Format

      .RESTORE

    Abreviated format

      .RE

2.78  –  .RIGHT

    The .RIGHT command positions a single line of text relative to
    the right margin. (See also .CENTER.)

    Formats

      .RIGHT  [[-]n]; text

      .RIGHT  [[-]n]

    Abreviated formats

      .R   [[-]n]; text

      .R   [[-]n]

2.78.1  –  Parameters

 n

    Specifies how many character positions to the left of the right
    margin setting the line will be indented.

 -n

    Specifies the number of character positions to the right of the
    right margin setting that the line will extend to.

 text

    The text to be positioned relative to the right margin. No other
    DSR commands can follow this text on a line.

2.78.2  –  Default

    If you enter .RIGHT without a value, you get a 0, which will push
    the line of text to the right margin.

2.79  –  .RIGHT MARGIN

    The .RIGHT MARGIN command sets the right margin to the position
    that you specify. This is the position to which a line of text
    normally extends. If .JUSTIFY is in effect, the .RIGHT MARGIN
    value is the position against which text is justified. If .NO
    JUSTIFY is in effect, the .RIGHT MARGIN value specifies the
    maximum number of characters on any text line. (Compare with
    .PAGE SIZE, which sets the page width for running heads.)

    Format

      .RIGHT MARGIN  [[+/-]n]

    Abreviated format

      .RM  [[+/-]n]

2.79.1  –  Parameters

 n

    Specifies the character position of the new right margin; n must
    be greater than the value for the left margin. (For example,
    .RIGHT MARGIN 60 sets the right margin just to the right of the
    60th character position.) The maximum value of n is 150.

 +n

    Sets the right margin n character positions to the right of the
    current right margin.

 -n

    Sets the right margin n character positions to the left of the
    current right margin.

2.79.2  –  Defaults

    o  If you do not enter the .RIGHT MARGIN command, you get .RIGHT
       MARGIN 70.

    o  If you enter .RIGHT MARGIN without a value, you get the
       default value 70.

2.80  –  .SAVE

    This command, when used with the .RESTORE command, maintains the
    formatting context of a document for the user. The files produced
    by the DSR utilities make changes to the formatting context. In
    order not to disturb the user's context, the .RNT and .RNX files
    execute .SAVE and .RESTORE commands.

    The .SAVE command stores information about the current RUNOFF
    formatting context; this includes DSR defaults and DSR commands
    and flags issued by the user.

    The .RESTORE command restores the formatting information saved
    by the last-issued .SAVE command. .SAVE/ .RESTORE pairs may be
    nested up to 10 pairs deep.

    Format

      .SAVE

    Abreviated format

      .SA

2.81  –  .SEND TOC

    The .SEND TOC command allows you to insert DSR commands, DSR
    flags, and text into the table of contents (.RNT) file. The items
    that you insert affect the appearance of the table of contents.
    For example, you can send emphasis flag characters to cause
    bolding and underlining in the table of contents.

    Format

      .SEND TOC  text

    Abreviated format

      .STC  text

2.81.1  –  Parameter

 text

    Specifies the DSR command, DSR flag, or text that you are sending
    to the table of contents.

2.82  –  .SET DATE

    The .SET DATE and .SET TIME commands let you specify a date and
    time to be inserted in your file when you issue the Substitute
    flag pair, $$, with any of the appropriate date or time
    parameters. .SET DATE also sets the date for the .DATE command,
    which causes the date to appear in running heads.

    Formats

      .SET DATE  d1 ,d2 ,d3

      .SET TIME  t1 ,t2 ,t3

    Abreviated formats

      .SDT  d1 ,d2 ,d3

      .STM  t1 ,t2 ,t3

2.82.1  –  Parameters

 d1

    A number specifying the day of the month

 d2

    A number specifying the month of the year

 d3

    A number specifying the year (either four digits or the last two
    digits of the year)

 t1

    A number specifying the hour of the day

 t2

    A number specifying minutes past the hour

 t3

    A number specifying seconds past the minute

    If you precede any of these values with a plus sign (+) or a
    minus sign (-), you will change the corresponding current value
    by adding to or subtracting from it the value following the + or
    -.

2.82.2  –  Defaults

    o  If you do not enter .SET DATE or .SET TIME, entering a $$time,
       $$date, or any of the appropriate date or time parameters with
       the substitute flag pair ($$) will give you the date or time
       that DSR began processing the file.

    o  If you enter either of these .SET commands, you can retain
       a previous value by omitting its value from the command. You
       must, however, type any comma that would have followed it.

    o  If you enter either command without specifying any values for
       it, you will get the current date or the time as of the second
       the command is executed.

2.83  –  .SET LEVEL

    The .SET LEVEL command allows you to preset the level of the
    next section head without entering a .HEADER LEVEL command (see
    .HEADER LEVEL).

    Format

      .SET LEVEL  [+/-]n

    Abreviated format

      .SL  [+/-]n

2.83.1  –  Parameters

 n

    Specifies the level for the next .HEADER LEVEL command.

 +n

    Makes the level for the next .HEADER LEVEL command n more than
    the current level.

 -n

    Makes the level for the next .HEADER LEVEL command n less than
    the current level.

2.84  –  .SET PARAGRAPH

    The .SET PARAGRAPH command allows you to set values for
    .PARAGRAPH without entering .PARAGRAPH. The .SET PARAGRAPH
    command can be especially useful if you plan to execute
    .AUTOPARAGRAPH or .AUTOTABLE. (See .PARAGRAPH.)

    Format

      .SET PARAGRAPH  [[-]n1 [,[-]n2 [,n3]]]

    Abreviated format

      .SPR  [[-]n1 [,[-]n2 [,n3]]]

    The parameters n1, n2, and n3 are identical to the values of
    the .PARAGRAPH command. If you choose not to use one of these
    optional parameters, you must use a comma as a placeholder for
    the missing parameter in the parameter list.

2.84.1  –  Parameters

 n1 = spaces indented (The default is 5.)

    Specifies (like .INDENT) how many character positions to the
    right of the .LEFT MARGIN setting the first line of text will
    begin.

 -n1

    Specifies how many character positions to the left of the .LEFT
    MARGIN setting the first line of text will begin; -n1 cannot,
    however, cause the text to begin to the left of character
    position 0.

 n2 = vertical spacing (The default is 1.)

    Specifies (like .SKIP) the number of blank lines you want
    inserted before the paragraph. You get additional blank lines
    if the .SPACING value is greater than 1.

 -n2

    Specifies that the next line of text be pushed to within n2
    lines of the bottom of the current page by the insertion of
    blank lines. Every line but the last one retains the line spacing
    (.SPACING value) that follows it.

 n3 = test page lines (The default is 2.)

    Specifies (like .TEST PAGE) the number of lines of text required
    to be on one page. Unlike the .TEST PAGE command itself, n3 takes
    into account any blank lines that .SPACING routinely inserts
    after each line of text. If there is not enough room on the
    current page to accommodate that many lines, DSR puts the text
    on the next page. You can cancel this function by specifying 0
    for n3.

2.85  –  .SKIP

    The .SKIP command inserts a multiple of the number of blank
    lines that has been specified by the .SPACING command. Contrast
    this with .BLANK, which inserts only the number of blank lines
    specified with the .BLANK command itself. (See .BLANK.)

    Format

      .SKIP  [[-]n]

    Abreviated format

      .S  [[-]n]

2.85.1  –  Parameters

 n

    The number of .SPACING lines you want inserted. For example, if
    you have specified a .SPACING value of two lines and you enter
    .SKIP without an n value, DSR will insert two blank lines (the
    .SPACING value). If you enter .SKIP 2, DSR will insert four blank
    lines (2 times the .SPACING value), and so on.

 -n

    Specifies that the next line of text be pushed to within n lines
    of the bottom of the current page by the insertion of blank
    lines. Every line but the last one retains the line spacing
    (.SPACING value) that follows it.

2.85.2  –  Default

    If you enter no value for .SKIP, and you have entered no .SPACING
    command, you get .SKIP 1.

2.86  –  .SPACING

    The .SPACING command changes the amount of spacing between lines
    of text.

    Format

      .SPACING  n

    Abreviated format

      .SP  n

2.86.1  –  Parameter

 n

    The amount of spacing that you want between lines of text. For
    example, 1 denotes single spacing (no blank lines between lines
    of text). You must specify n, which must be within the range of 1
    to 5, inclusively.

2.86.2  –  Default

    If you do not enter a .SPACING command, you get single spacing
    (.SPACING 1).

2.87  –  .STYLE HEADERS

    The .STYLE HEADERS command changes the format and placement of
    the text portion of section heads (that is, the .HEADER LEVEL n
    text).

    Format

      .STYLE HEADERS  [n1] [,n2]...[,n9]

    Abreviated format

      .STHL  [n1] [,n2]...[,n9]

2.87.1  –  Parameters

 n1 (The default is 3.)

    Specifies the lowest-numbered header level to have the section
    title run-in to the paragraph that it heads. The text immediately
    follows the header title on the same line instead of beginning
    a new paragraph. All higher-numbered levels also have run-in
    formats. If n1=4, then .HEADER LEVEL 4, 5, and 6 titles are
    run into the main text. All lower levels will have the title
    separated from the text by blank lines (see parameter n7 for
    number of blank lines).

 n2 (The default is 1.)

    Specifies the highest-numbered header level to have its title
    printed entirely in uppercase. All lower-numbered levels will
    also have titles entirely in uppercase. If n2=4, then .HEADER
    LEVEL 1, 2, 3, and 4 will have titles in uppercase.

 n3 (The default is 6.)

    Specifies the highest-numbered header level to have only the
    first letter of each word capitalized in the title. All lower-
    numbered levels will also have titles in mixed format. If n3=6,
    all levels will have this case format. All uppercase takes
    precedence over initial capital letters, if there is a conflict.

 n4 (The default is 7.)

    Specifies the lowest-numbered header level not to have a
    section number to the left of its title. All higher-numbered
    levels will also not have section numbers to the left of their
    titles. Because there are only 6 header levels, the default of 7
    indicates that all headers numbered.

 n5 (The default is 7.)

    Specifies the lowest numbered non-run-in header level to have
    its title centered. All higher-numbered non-run-in levels will
    also have their titles centered. Because there are only 6 header
    levels, the default value of 7 indicates that no header titles
    are centered.

 n6 (The default is 3.)

    Specifies the number of blank lines you want before section
    heads.

 n7 (The default is 1.)

    Specifies the number of blank lines you want after non-run-in
    section heads before the text is printed.

 n8 (The default is 9.)

    Specifies the number of lines you want to have available on the
    current page for the test page issued by .HEADER LEVEL. Note that
    n8 takes into account any blank lines that .SPACING routinely
    inserts after each line of text (unlike .TEST PAGE). (See also
    .SKIP.)

 n9 (The default is 2.)

    Specifies the number of spaces you want between the section
    number and the section title. The maximum value is 75.

2.87.2  –  Defaults

    If you do not specify a value for any given n, DSR supplies the
    following default values:

    n1=3  Run-in titles for header levels 3 to 6.
    n2=1  Titles in all uppercase for header level 1 only.
    n3=6  Titles with only the first letter of every word in
          uppercase for header level 2 to header level 6.
    n4=7  A sequence of numbers (or letters) preceding the section
          title. (See .DISPLAY LEVELS.)
    n5=7  Titles printed starting at the left margin (flush left),
          not centered.
    n6=3  Three blank lines before each header.
    n7=1  One blank line after each header.
    n8=9  Seven more than the test-page value of the most recent
          .PARAGRAPH or .SET PARAGRAPH command you have entered. If
          you have not specified such a value, you get 7 plus the
          .PARAGRAPH default of 2. (See the description of n8 for
          note on .SPACING adjustment.)
    n9=2  Two spaces between the section number of the header and the
          header itself (section title).

2.88  –  .SUBPAGE

    The .SUBPAGE command begins a new page and a new format for page
    numbering. It numbers the new page by keeping the previous page
    number and appending the letter A to it. For example, if the
    previous page is 10, the first subpage is 10A and the next page
    becomes 10B unless you enter an .END SUBPAGE command. (See also
    .NUMBER SUBPAGE, .DISPLAY SUBPAGE, .HEADERS ON, .LAYOUT, and
    .PAGE.)

    The .END SUBPAGE command begins a new page and goes back to
    normal page numbering. If you enter the .END SUBPAGE command
    on page 2-8D, for example, the next page would be numbered 2-9.

    Formats

      .SUBPAGE

      .END SUBPAGE

    Abreviated formats

      .SPG

      .ES

2.88.1  –  Default

    .SUBPAGE is not in effect.

2.89  –  .SUBTITLE

    The .SUBTITLE command allows you to specify a subtitle for a
    running head (see .HEADERS ON). When using the default .LAYOUT
    command, the subtitle appears on the second line of every page
    (except page 1) at the leftmost position on a line (character
    position 0), regardless of the left margin setting. The .NO
    SUBTITLE command cancels the .SUBTITLE command. (See also
    .AUTOSUBTITLE, .TITLE, .FIRST TITLE, and .LAYOUT.)

    Formats

      .SUBTITLE  [text]

      .NO SUBTITLE

    Abreviated formats

      .ST  [text]

      .NST

2.89.1  –  Parameter

 text

    The title of the running head you want to appear on the second
    line of the page.

2.89.2  –  Defaults

    o  If you do not enter either .SUBTITLE or .NO SUBTITLE, you get
       .NO SUBTITLE.

    o  If you enter the .SUBTITLE command without specifying subtitle
       text for it, you will get the effects of .AUTOSUBTITLE
       (provided you have not entered .NO AUTOSUBTITLE).

    o  If .AUTOSUBTITLE is in effect and if the text picked up from
       an applicable .HEADER LEVEL command is wider than the margins
       in effect when the subtitle is displayed, the subtitle is
       truncated and an ellipsis (...) is appended to the end of it.

2.90  –  .TAB STOPS

    The .TAB STOPS command changes the current positions of tab
    stops. Each tab character in the input file advances the print
    carriage to the right to the next tab stop.

    Format

      .TAB STOPS  [[+/-]n1] [,[+/-]n2]...[,[+/-]n32]

    Abreviated format

      .TS  [[+/-]n1] [,[+/-]n2]...[,[+/-]n32]

2.90.1  –  Defaults

    o  If you enter the .TAB STOPS command without number or comma
       specifications, the use of all tab stops is suspended and the
       tab character is equivalent to a space.

    o  If you do not enter the .TAB STOPS command, successive tab
       characters work as if you had set a tab stop every eight
       positions; that is, as if you had entered .TAB STOPS 8,16,24,
       and so on. Note that because .PAGE SIZE has a width limit of
       150, 149 is the practical limit for .TAB STOPS.

2.91  –  .TEST PAGE

    The .TEST PAGE command allows you to keep a specified amount of
    text entirely on a single page. If there is not enough room on
    the current page to accommodate that amount, DSR ends the current
    page and puts the entire text on the next page.

    Format

      .TEST PAGE  n

    Abreviated format

      .TP  n

2.91.1  –  Parameter

 n

    The number of lines required to be on one page. This number
    cannot be omitted and must be positive.

2.92  –  .TITLE

    The .TITLE command allows you to specify a title for a running
    head (see .HEADERS ON). This title normally appears at the top
    of every page but the first, at the leftmost position on the line
    (character position 0), regardless of the .LEFT MARGIN setting.
    (See also .FIRST TITLE, .SUBTITLE, and .LAYOUT.)

    Format

      .TITLE  [text]

    Abreviated format

      .T  [text]

2.92.1  –  Parameter

 text

    The title of the main running head you want to appear.

2.92.2  –  Default

    If you do not enter the .TITLE command, you get the title you
    specified in any .CHAPTER command that is in effect (unless you
    have entered .NO HEADERS).

2.93  –  .VARIABLE

    The .VARIABLE command allows you to specify a character that
    corresponds to the name you have given the commands and text in
    an .IF (or .IFNOT) block. This identifying character is placed
    in the left margin when you process your file with the /DEBUG or
    /DEBUG=CONDITIONALS command line qualifier.

    Format

      .VARIABLE  name [t ,f]

    Abreviated format

      .VR name  [t ,f]

2.93.1  –  Parameters

 name

    The name you have given to the commands and text in an .IF (or
    .IFNOT) block.

 t

    (True) is a single character of your choice that appears in front
    of lines of text to indicate that they will be processed (.IF
    block) if you specify /VARIANT, instead of /DEBUG, in the command
    line.

 f

    (False) is a single character of your choice that appears
    in front of lines of text to indicate that they will not be
    processed (.IFNOT block) if you specify /VARIANT, instead of
    /DEBUG, in the command line.

2.94  –  .XLOWER

    The .XLOWER command allows you to control the case of index
    entries specified by the .INDEX and the .ENTRY commands, or by
    the Index flag (>). The case of the index entries will match
    exactly the case that you enter when you make the index entry.

    See also the .XUPPER command.

    Format

      .XLOWER

    Abreviated format

      .XL

2.94.1  –  Default

    If you do not specify the .XLOWER command, .XUPPER is the
    default.

2.95  –  .XUPPER

    The .XUPPER command lets DSR control the case of index entries.
    If .XUPPER is in effect (as it is by default), DSR capitalizes
    the first character of every index entry and drops everything
    else in the entry to lowercase.

    See also the .XLOWER command.

    Formats

      .XUPPER

    Abreviated formats

      .XU

2.95.1  –  Default

    .XUPPER

3  –  DSR Flags

    DSR flags are special characters that you enter to specify
    emphasis of text, case of characters, spacing of text, and other
    formatting details.

3.1  –  Accept

    The Accept flag (_) causes any character that directly follows it
    to be accepted as text.

    If the character is a punctuation mark after which DSR normally
    inserts an extra space (for example, a period), you can precede
    it with the Accept flag to cancel the extra space.

    If you want to insert a flag character into your text, the
    easiest way is to precede it with the Accept flag. For example,
    to insert an ampersand (&), which is also the Underline flag,
    type _&.

    For underlining purposes, you can use the Accept flag to cause
    the acceptance of an expandable space (one you produce by
    pressing the SPACE bar) because DSR normally does not underline
    spaces between words.

3.1.1  –  Default

    Recognition is turned on.

3.2  –  Bold

    The single character occurrence of the Bold flag (*) causes
    the next character to be printed in boldface; that is, to be
    overstruck once. You can cause characters to be overstruck more
    than once by using the /BOLD=number qualifier when processing
    the file with the RUNOFF command. Pairing the bold flag with the
    uppercase flag (^*) turns on the bolding until the lowercase/bold
    pair (\*) is encountered.

3.2.1  –  Default

    Recognition is turned off. To turn on recognition, you must use
    the .FLAGS BOLD command.

3.3  –  Break

    The Break flag (|) tells DSR where it may break a word that
    occurs at the end of a line. You might want DSR to be able to
    break a word after a slash (/) or a hyphen (-) that is part
    of the word (for example, "a yes/no response"). The Break flag
    allows a line to end where the flag occurs; no hyphen is ever
    inserted because of it.

    If the flag is turned on and inserted at break points, DSR is
    able to break the word at any of the specified points. If more
    than one Break flag is present in a word that DSR is breaking at
    the end of a line, DSR leaves as much of the word as possible on
    the line; that is, it breaks the word at the last possible Break
    flag.

    The Break flag works the same whether .JUSTIFY or .NO JUSTIFY is
    in effect.

3.3.1  –  Default

    Recognition is turned off. To turn on recognition, you must use
    the .FLAGS BREAK command.

3.4  –  Capitalize

    The Capitalize flag (<) causes all the letters in the word
    directly following it to be capitalized, except for letters that
    may be preceded by an Accept (_) or Lowercase (\) flag.

    Capitalization continues until one of the following is
    encountered:

       An expandable space
       A Break flag (|)
       A Hyphenate flag (=)
       Another Capitalize flag
       A pair of Uppercase flags (^^)
       A pair of Lowercase flags (\\)
       The end of the line

    You can pair the Capitalize flag with the Uppercase flag (^<) to
    capitalize all following text up to the next case flag.

3.4.1  –  Default

    Recognition is turned off. To turn on recognition, you must use
    the .FLAGS CAPITALIZE command.

3.5  –  Comment

    The Comment flag (!) is used to insert comments in .RNO files.
    You type the comment text immediately after the Comment flag.
    Comments do not appear in the output file.

3.5.1  –  Default

    Recognition is turned on.

3.6  –  Control

    The Control flag (.) is placed at the left margin to begin a
    string of DSR commands. When you want a period to be accepted as
    a text character, you do not need to precede it with an Accept
    flag (_) as long as the period is not placed at the left margin.
    If you do need to have a period in the 0 character position
    (and it is not part of a DSR command), you must precede it with
    an Accept flag. Alternatively, you can use two periods at the
    beginning of a line; the effect is the same as if you had used an
    Accept flag.

3.6.1  –  Default

    Recognition is turned on.

3.7  –  Hyphenate

    When the Hyphenate flag (=) is turned on and inserted between
    syllables of a word, DSR knows where the word can be broken at
    the end of a line. DSR inserts a hyphen where the break occurs.
    If DSR does not find it necessary to break the word, however,
    the hyphen does not appear. By default, the Hyphenate flag is
    disabled.

    The action of this flag (as opposed to the recognition of the
    flag) can be disabled or reenabled by the .DISABLE HYPHENATION
    and .ENABLE HYPHENATION commands.

3.7.1  –  Default

    Recognition is turned off. To turn on recognition, you must use
    the .FLAGS HYPHENATE command.

3.8  –  Index

    With the Index flag (>), you can mark words in the text of your
    document as index entries. Using the .INDEX command instead of
    the Index flag is a more common way of marking index entries.

3.8.1  –  Default

    Recognition is turned off. To turn on recognition, you must use
    the .FLAGS INDEX command.

3.9  –  Lowercase

    The Lowercase flag (\) causes the letter that directly follows it
    to appear in lowercase. The flag has no effect if the character
    following it is not a letter.

    The Lowercase flag can be paired as follows:

    o  With the Underline flag (\&) to stop underlining text.

    o  With the Bold flag (\*) to stop bolding characters.

    o  With itself (\\) to cause the characters following it to be
       printed in lowercase by default. If you have a file that is
       in all uppercase, you can put a paired lowercase flag (\\)
       at the beginning of the file and then, as needed, override
       the temporary lowercase default by using a circumflex (^) to
       capitalize the letter following it.

3.9.1  –  Default

    Recognition is turned on.

3.10  –  Overstrike

    When the Overstrike flag (%) is turned on and inserted between
    two characters, it causes the first of the two characters to be
    overstruck by the following one. By default, the Overstrike flag
    is disabled.

    This capability allows the printing of characters not normally
    available, for example, a European 7, which is a 7 overstruck
    with a hyphen.

    Three or more characters can be overstruck, but only if you
    specify the /BACKSPACE qualifier in the DSR command line.
    Otherwise, only the first and last characters in an overstrike
    sequence will appear.

    The action performed by this flag (as opposed to the flag's
    recognition) can be disabled and reenabled by the .DISABLE
    OVERSTRIKING and .ENABLE OVERSTRIKING commands.

3.10.1  –  Default

    Recognition is turned off. To turn on recognition, you must use
    the .FLAGS OVERSTRIKE command.

3.11  –  Period

    DSR routinely inserts an extra expandable space after a period
    (.), colon (:), question mark (?), or exclamation point (!) that
    is followed by the usual end-of-word space.

    The Period flag (+) lets you specify the extra space following
    other characters.

    If the flag is turned on and .FILL is in effect, an extra
    space occurs when the flag (+) is inserted directly after the
    character. You must, however, insert the end-of-word space after
    the flag if it is to be effective.

    For example, if you have a complete sentence enclosed in
    quotation marks or parentheses, you may want an extra space after
    the closing quotation mark or parenthesis.

3.11.1  –  Default

    Recognition is turned off. To turn on recognition, you must use
    the .FLAGS PERIOD command.

3.12  –  Space

    The Space flag (#) produces one unexpandable space (not affected
    by justification) in the output file for every flag character
    inserted in the input file. If you insert the flag between two
    words, DSR treats them as one word (although they will appear
    as separate words in the output file). Therefore, you should not
    type any spaces before or after typing the Space flag.

    The flag can directly follow an Underline flag (&#) to cause the
    underlining of an unexpandable space.

3.12.1  –  Default

    Recognition is turned on.

3.13  –  Subindex

    The Subindex flag (>) works as a subindex entry flag only if you
    have issued an .INDEX or .ENTRY command. Subindex entries marked
    with this flag are collected and alphabetized below the primary
    entry to which they refer. The Subindex flag indicates that the
    next word or phrase will be placed on the following line of the
    index, indented two characters to the right of the preceding
    entry.

3.13.1  –  Default

    Recognition is turned on only within .INDEX and .ENTRY commands.

3.14  –  Substitute

    The Subsitute flag ($$) is the only flag that must be used in
    pairs. When the flag is turned on, it causes either a date or
    a time to be output. The output is determined by the word you
    associate with the flag pair; for example, $$Date. See the output
    in the following example.

    When the Substitute flag is turned on, any dollar sign character
    ($), even if it is not paired, must be preceded by an Accept flag
    if it is to be taken as normal text by DSR.

3.14.1  –  Default

    Recognition is turned off. To turn on recognition, you must use
    the .FLAGS SUBSTITUTE command.

3.14.2  –  Examples

    The following table shows the use of the substitute flag. The
    output file will contain the date and time that DSR processing of
    the file began.

    Input                  Output

    .FLAGS SUBSTITUTE
    $$Date                 10 November 1993
    $$Time                 10:55:00
    $$Year                 1993
    $$Month                November
    $$Day                  10
    $$Hours                10
    $$Minutes              55
    $$Seconds              00
    $$Month#$$Day,#$$Year  November 10, 1993

3.15  –  Underline

    The Underline flag (&) causes the next character to be
    underlined.

    The operation performed by this flag (as opposed to the flag's
    recognition) can be disabled and reenabled by the .DISABLE
    UNDERLINING and .ENABLE UNDERLINING commands.

    The Underline flag can be paired as follows:

    o  With the Uppercase flag (^&) to turn underlining on and with
       the Lowercase flag (\&) to turn underlining off.

    o  With the Space flag (&#) to cause the underlining of
       unexpandable spaces.

3.15.1  –  Default

    Recognition is turned on.

3.16  –  Uppercase

    The Uppercase flag (^) serves the same purpose as a typewriter
    Shift key when you use it just before typing a letter. The flag
    capitalizes any single letter that directly follows it. It has no
    effect if the character following it is not a letter.

    The Uppercase flag can be paired as follows:

    o  With a Capitalize flag (^<) to turn on the capitalization
       of the text that follows (the same as using Shift-Lock on a
       typewriter).

    o  With an Underline flag (^&) to turn on underlining of the text
       that follows.

    o  With a Bold flag (^*) to turn on bolding for the text that
       follows.

    o  With itself (^^) if you want to ensure that the case of
       letters in your input file is maintained in your output
       file. You can use this flag pair with those commands that
       control uppercasing and lowercasing (such as .HEADER LEVEL
       or .CHAPTER). When you specify a title, precede it with two
       circumflexes (^^).

3.16.1  –  Default

    Recognition is turned on.
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