VMS Help  —  MACRO  /ALPHA  Label Addresses, Label Addresses and Automatic Data Alignment
    Automatic data alignment can affect the addresses assigned to
    labels in psects that have the NOEXE or MIX attributes. Automatic
    data alignment is enabled with the .ENABLE ALIGN_DATA directive
    or the /ALIGNMENT=data command-line option.

    A label that occurs in a statement with a data-storage directive
    is assigned the psect and offset of the storage allocated by the
    data-storage directive. If the data-storage directive requires
    automatic alignment, the address is assigned to the label after
    automatic alignment.

    The same is true of labels that occur in statements by themselves
    and that are followed by a data directive in a subsequent
    statement. However, if a label occurs in a statement by itself
    and is followed by a statement that is not a data-storage
    directive, a macro directive, a conditional directive, or a
    lexical-string symbol assignment, the label is assigned the psect
    and offset of the current location counter before any automatic
    alignment.

    The assembler only assigns addresses to labels after alignment
    under the conditions previously described and only with automatic
    alignment. If you place a label before a .ALIGN directive that
    manually aligns the current location counter, the assembler
    assigns the address of the label before performing the manual
    alignment. The following example shows the interaction of label
    address assignment and automatic data alignment:

        .ENABLE ALIGN_DATA
        .PSECT DATA, NOEXE
        .BYTE   1       ; The byte is stored in psect data at offset 0
    A:  .PRINT "Not aligned" ; Any non-macro, nonconditional
                        ; statement, including this .PRINT directive
                 ; prevents A from being automatically aligned
                        ; -- A is assigned offset 1
    B:                  ; B is automatically aligned to offset 4
    C:  .LONG   2       ; C is automatically aligned to offset 4
    D:  .ALIGN 0        ; The .ALIGN global directive prevents D
                        ;  from being automatically aligned --
          ;  D is assigned offset 8
    E:  .OCTA 3         ; E is automatically aligned to offset 16

    Automatic data alignment and label-address assignment can be an
    important consideration when calculating the difference between
    two labels. For example, consider the following macro, which
    stores a string preceded by a word that contains the string's
    length:

            .MACRO VARYING_STRING STRING ?L1, ?L2
                    .WORD L2-L1
                L1: .ASCII "STRING"
                L2:
            .ENDM VARYING_STRING

    If an invocation of the VARYING_STRING macro is followed by a
    data-storage directive that requires automatic alignment, the
    VARYING_STRING macro will not store the correct string length.
    For example:

            .PSECT DATA, NOEXE, .OCTA
            .ENABLE ALIGN_DATA
            VARYING_STRING <Time for something sweet!> ; 25 bytes
    F:      .OCTA 4

    In this example, the intention is to make the L2 label generated
    by the VARYING_STRING macro be assigned the offset 27, 2 for
    the .WORD directive, plus 25 for the .ASCII directive. Instead,
    it is assigned the offset 32 along with the label F because
    the .OCTA directive requires automatic alignment to offset 32.
    Therefore, the string length is incorrectly stored as 30 rather
    25. To make this macro work as desired, you must include, in the
    macro definition, a macro directive that is not a data-storage,
    macro, or conditional directive after the generated label L2. In
    the following example, .ALIGN 0 is a good choice as it reflects
    the idea that the preceding label is not aligned:

     .MACRO VARYING_STRING STRING ?L1, ?L2
          .WORD L2-L1
         L1: .ASCII "STRING"
         L2: .ALIGN 0
     .ENDM VARYING_STRING

    With this change, the generated label L2 is assigned the offset
    27 before the assembler performs automatic data alignment for the
    .OCTA directive. As a result, the VARYING_STRING macro works as
    desired and stores the correct string length of 25.
Close Help