Analyzes the contents of an executable image file or a shareable
image file on OpenVMS VAX and Alpha systems, and an Executable
and Linkable Format (ELF) image file or sharable image file on
OpenVMS I64 systems, identifying obvious errors in the file. This
analysis includes translated images on I64 and Alpha systems. The
/IMAGE qualifier is required.
For general information about image files, refer to the
description of the linker in the HP OpenVMS Linker Utility
Manual. (Use the ANALYZE/OBJECT command to analyze the contents
of an object file.)
Format
ANALYZE/IMAGE filespec[,...]
1 – Parameter
filespec[,...]
Specifies the name of one or more image files that you want
analyzed. You must specify at least one file name. If you specify
more than one file, separate the file specifications with either
commas (,) or plus signs (+). The default file type is .EXE.
The asterisk (*) and percent sign (%) wildcard characters are
allowed in the file specification.
2 – Description
The ANALYZE/IMAGE command provides a description of the
components of an executable image file or shareable image file on
OpenVMS VAX and Alpha systems, and of an Executable and Linkable
Format (ELF) image file or sharable image file on OpenVMS I64
systems. It also verifies that the structure of the major parts
of the image file is correct. However, the ANALYZE/IMAGE command
cannot ensure that program execution is error free.
On OpenVMS I64 systems, the ANALYZE/IMAGE command automatically
distinguishes between I64, Alpha, and VAX images by examining the
header information.
If errors are found, the first error of the worst severity is
returned. For example, if a warning (A) and two errors (B and
C) are found, the first error (B) is returned as the image exit
status. The image exit status is placed in the DCL symbol $STATUS
at image exit.
NOTES
For I64 images and objects, the Analyze utility determines
whether the file it analyzes is an image file or object
file. Although Analyze allows you to specify ANALYZE/OJBECT
on an ELF image file, use ANALYZE/IMAGE for ELF image files
and ANALYZE/OJBECT for ELF object files.
When parsing output from ANALYZE/IMAGE, be aware that the
output for ELF images may change.
When using ANALYZE without a qualifier, the default is /OBJECT.
Therefore, when using this default to analyze an image in the
output file, the utility correctly identifies itself as "Analyze
Object File".
The OpenVMS VAX and Alpha versions of ANALYZE/IMAGE do not have
the capability of analyzing all non-platform images. For example,
ANALYZE/IMAGE cannot analyze I64 images on VAX or Alpha images on
older versions of VAX.
When you analyze I64 images on I64 platforms, ANALYZE/IMAGE
accepts VAX-only or Alpha-only qualifiers, but ignores any effect
of these qualifiers.
Depending on the platform, the ANALYZE/IMAGE command
distinguishes I64 images from VAX and ALpha images by examining
the meta information (e.g., ELF, EIHD, or IHD).
The ANALYZE/IMAGE command provides the following information for
image files:
o Image architecture and type - The OpenVMS platform and whether
the image is executable or shareable.
o Image name - The name of the image or shareable image.
o Image identification - The identification given in a link
operation.
o Creating linker identification - The linker that generated the
image.
o Link date and time - The date and time of the link operation.
o Image transfer addresses - The addresses to which control is
passed at image execution time.
o Image version - The revision level (major ID and minor ID) of
the image.
o Location and size of the image's symbol vector (Alpha and I64
only).
o List of required sharable images - The dependencies on
sharable images.
o Location of the debugger symbol table (DST)-Identifies the
location of the DST in the image file. DST information is
present only in executable images that have been linked with
the /DEBUG or the /TRACEBACK command qualifier. (VAX and Alpha
only.)
o Location and interpretation of the debug and traceback
information - The sections that contain the information and
formats the data (DWARF) (I64 only).
o Location of the global symbol table (GST)- The location of
the GST in the image file. GST information is present only in
shareable image files. (VAX and Alpha only.)
o Location of the global symbol table (.symtab) - The location
of the GST in the image file. GST informaton is present only
in sharable image files (I64 only.)
o Patch information-Indicates whether the image has been patched
(changed without having been recompiled or reassembled and
relinked). If a patch is present, the actual patch code can be
displayed. (VAX and Alpha only.)
o Image section descriptors (ISD)-Identify portions of the image
binary contents that are grouped in OpenVMS Cluster systems
according to their attributes. An ISD contains information
that the image activator needs when it initializes the address
space for an image. For example, an ISD tells whether the ISD
is shareable, whether it is readable or writable, whether it
is based or position independent, and how much memory should
be allocated. (VAX only.)
o Summary of internal tables - Lists the program segments and
sections of which the image consists. (I64 only.)
o Fixup vectors-Contain information that the image activator
needs to ensure the position independence of shareable image
references. (VAX and Alpha only.)
o Fixup information-Information that the image activator
needs to ensure the position independence of sharable image
references. (I64 only.)
o System version categories-For an image that is linked against
the executive (the system shareable image on I64 and Alpha or
the system symbol table on VAX), displays both the values of
the system version categories for which the image was linked
originally and the values for the system that is currently
running. You can use these values to identify changes in the
system since the image was linked last.
The ANALYZE/IMAGE command has command qualifiers and positional
qualifiers. For VAX and Alpha images, by default, if you do not
specify any positional qualifiers (for example, /GST or /HEADER),
the entire image is analyzed. If you do specify a positional
qualifier, the analysis excludes all other positional qualifiers
except the /HEADER qualifier (which is always enabled) and any
qualifier that you request explicitly.
The default behavior for analyzing ELF images differs from the
behavior for analyzing Alpha or VAX images. For ELF images,
a summary of the major ELF tables is displayed. With this
information, you can select specific segments and/or sections for
analysis. To locate errors, analyze the entire image by selecting
all sections and segments.
3 – Qualifiers
3.1 /FIXUP_SECTION
/FIXUP_SECTION (VAX and Alpha only)
Positional qualifier.
Specifies that the analysis should include all information in the
fixup section of the image.
If you specify the /FIXUP_SECTION qualifier after the
ANALYZE/IMAGE command, the fixup section of each image file in
the parameter list is analyzed.
If you specify the /FIXUP_SECTION qualifier after a file
specification, only the information in the fixup section of that
image file is analyzed.
3.2 /FLAGVALUES
/FLAGVALUES (I64 only)
Several fields in an ELF module represent bit flags. Where
possible, these bit-flag values are examined and displayed
individually. By default, only the flag values that are set to
1 (ON) are displayed.
The keywords are as follows:
Keyword Description
ON The keyword ON displays all flags whose value is 1.
OFF The keyword OFF displays all flags whose value is 0.
ALL The keyword ALL displays all flag values. The keywords
ON and OFF, in contrast, indicate the value of each
specific flag bit.
3.3 /GST
/GST (VAX and Alpha only)
Positional qualifier.
Specifies that the analysis should include all global symbol
table records. This qualifier is valid only for shareable images.
If you specify the /GST qualifier after the ANALYZE/IMAGE
command, the global symbol table records of each image file in
the parameter list are analyzed.
If you specify the /GST qualifier after a file specification,
only the global symbol table records of that file are analyzed.
3.4 /HEADER
/HEADER (VAX and Alpha only)
Positional qualifier.
Specifies that the analysis should include all header items and
image section descriptions. The image header items are always
analyzed.
3.5 /INTERACTIVE
/INTERACTIVE
/NOINTERACTIVE (default)
Specifies whether the analysis is interactive. In interactive
mode, as each item is analyzed, the results are displayed on the
screen and you are asked whether you want to continue.
3.6 /MODULE
/MODULE [=(module_name[,...]) ] (I64 only)
Selectively formats debug or traceback information for the named
module or list of modules. You must request debug or traceback
information by using the /SECTIONS qualifier with keywords ALL,
DEBUG or TRACE. If debug or traceback information is selectively
formatted, then the module name is a subselection.
If you do not specify a module name, only debug or traceback meta
information about the available modules is printed. In this case,
any other debug or traceback selection is deactivated.
NOTE
This qualifier is only valid for ANALYZE/IMAGE. Although
ANALYZE/OBJECT can be used to format I64 images, Analyze
rejects the /MODULE qualifier.
3.7 /OUTPUT
/OUTPUT=filespec
Identifies the output file for storing the results of the image
analysis. The asterisk (*) and the percent sign (%) wildcard
characters are not allowed in the file specification. If you
specify a file type and omit the file name, the default file
name ANALYZE is used. The default file type is .ANL. If you omit
the qualifier, the results are output to the current SYS$OUTPUT
device.
3.8 /PAGE_BREAK
/PAGE_BREAK=keyword (I64 only)
Specifies if and where page breaks (form feeds) are inserted in
the report file. This qualifier is only useful if /OUTPUT is used
to write a report file. It is ignored if /INTERACTIVE is used to
specify an interactive analysis.
Keywords include NONE, which sets no page breaks; PRINTABLE_
REPORT, which creates page breaks as in listing files, and
SEPARATE_INFORMATION, which sets page breaks between section
information.
3.9 /PATCH_TEXT
/PATCH_TEXT (VAX only)
Positional qualifier.
Specifies that the analysis include all patch text records. If
you specify the /PATCH_TEXT qualifier after the ANALYZE/IMAGE
command, the patch text records of each image file in the
parameter list are analyzed.
If you specify the /PATCH_TEXT qualifier after a file
specification, only the patch text records of that file are
analyzed.
3.10 /SECTIONS
/SECTIONS [=(keyword[,...])] (I64 only)
Selects individual program sections or section types to display.
NOTE
This qualifier and its keywords can only be used to form an
inclusion list of sections to be displayed. This qualifier
is not negatable and cannot be used to form an exclusion
list. If no values are specified, the default keyword is
HEADERS.
The keywords are as follows:
Keyword Description
ALL Displays a detailed analysis of every section
in the module. Note that this keyword can
generate a large amount of output.
CODE Displays all of all sections of type SHT_
PROGBITS where the executable flag is set
(SHDR$M_SHF_EXECINSTR in the section header).
The section data will be displayed as machine
instructions.
DEBUG Analyzes and displays sections consisting
[=(suffix[,...])] of DWARF formatted debug information. In
addition, you can use a list of debug section
name suffixes to selectively format DEBUG
information.
EXTENSIONS Analyzes and displays sections of type SHT_
IA64_EXT. The data is displayed in hexadecimal
format.
GROUP Analyzes and displays sections of type SHT_
GROUP. Sections of this type consist of a list
of the section numbers of sections belonging
to that group.
HEADERS The default keyword. Displays the ELF header
and the section header details.
LINKAGES Analyzes and displays sections of type SHT_
VMS_LINKAGES.The data is displayed as a list
of linkage descriptors.
NOBITS Analyzes and displays sections of type SHT_
NOBITS. There is no module data associated
with sections of this type.
NOTE Analyzes and displays sections of type SHT_
NOTE. The data for this section is displayed
as a list of formatted OpenVMS note entries.
NULL Displays all sections of type PT_NULL. No a
data will be displayed for segments of this
type.
NUMBERS= Displays individual sections, as follows:
(number [,...])
o The selected sections will have a detailed
display of their header and their contents.
An informational message is displayed for
section numbers that do not exist in the
module.
o One or more numeric values may be
specified.
o Section numbers may be specified in
decimal, octal (using the %O prefix), or
hexadecimal (using the %X prefix).
STRTAB Analyzes and displays sections of type SHT_
STRTAB. The data for this section is displayed
as a string table.
SYMTAB Displays sections of type SHT_SYMTAB. The
data for this section is displayed as a symbol
table.
SYMBOL_VECTOR Sections of this type will only appear in
sharable image files. If present, they point
to the same data as the dynamic segment DT_
VMS_SYMVEC tags.
TRACE Analyzes and displays sections consisting of
[=(suffix[,...])] traceback information. In addition, you can
use a list of trace section name suffixes to
selectively format TRACE information.
UNWIND Analyzes and displays sections of type SHT_
IA64_UNWIND. Each section of this type has an
associated Unwind Information section of type
SHT_PROGBITS. This associated section is also
displayed.
3.11 /SEGMENTS
/SEGMENTS [=(keyword[,...])] (I64 only)
Selects individual program segments or program segments of a
specified type to be displayed.
NOTE
This qualifier and its keywords can only be used to form an
inclusion list of segments to be displayed. This qualifier
is not negatable and cannot be used to form an exclusion
list. If no values are specified, the default keyword is
HEADERS.
The keywords are as follows:
Keyword Description
ALL Analyzes and displays information for every program
segment. Note that this can generate a large amount of
output.
CODE Analyzes and displays all executable segments
(PHDR$M_PF_X bit set in the segment header). Segment
data is displayed as machine instructions.
DYNAMIC Analyzes and displays the segment of type PT_DYNAMIC.
EXTENSIONS Analyzes and displays segments of type IA_64_ARCHEXT.
HEADERS The default keyword. Analyzes and displays the ELF
header and segment header details.
LOAD Analyzes and displays segments of type PT_LOAD. If the
segment header indicates this is an executable segment
(PHDR$M_PF_X bit set in the segment header), the
contents will be formatted as machine instructions,
otherwise the contents are formatted as hexadecimal
data.
NULL Analyzes and displays segments of type PT_NULL. No a
data will be displayed for segments of this type.
NUMBERS= Analyzes and displays individual segments, as follows:
(number
[,...]) o The selected segments have a detailed display of
header and content information. For section numbers
that do not exist in the module, an informational
message is displayed.
o One or more numeric values may be specified.
o Segment numbers may be specified in decimal, octal
(using the %O prefix), or hexadecimal (using the %X
prefix).
3.12 /SELECT
/SELECT=(keyword[,...])
Allows for the collection of specific image file information and
displays the selected keyword items in the order specified.
Analyze creates DCL symbols for all selectable information with
the /SELECT qualifier. The symbol names consist of the prefix
ANALYZE$ and a descriptive name of the information they hold.
The symbol value is the selected information, usually printed
to SYS$OUTPUT. Effectively, all of the printed information
is duplicated in the symbols. For unselected information, the
corresponding symbols will contain the null string.
The keywords are as follows:
Keyword Description
ARCHITECTURE Writes the architecture information into the DCL
symbol ANALYZE$ARCHITECTURE. Returns "OpenVMS
IA64" if the file is an OpenVMS I64 image file.
Returns "OpenVMS Alpha" if the file is an OpenVMS
Alpha image file. Returns "OpenVMS VAX" if the
file is an OpenVMS VAX image file.
BUILD_ Writes build identification information into
IDENTIFICATION the DCL symbol ANALYZE$BUILD_IDENTIFICATION.
For OpenVMS I64 and Alpha image files, returns
the image build identification stored in the
image file, enclosed in quotation marks. For
OpenVMS VAX image files, the null string that
is represented by adjacent quotation marks is
returned.
FILE_TYPE Writes file type information into the DCL symbol
ANALYZE$FILE_TYPE. Returns "Image" if the file is
an OpenVMS I64, Alpha, or VAX image file.
IDENTIFICATION The possible keywords are as follows:
[=keyword]
o IMAGE (default) - Writes the image
identification information into the DCL symbol
ANALYZE$IDENTIFICATION. Returns the image
identification that is stored in the image
file, enclosed in quotation marks. Otherwise,
returns "Unknown".
o LINKER - Writes the linker identification
information into the DCL symbol
ANALYZE$LINKER_IDENTIFICATION. Returns the
identification of the linker used to link the
image.
IMAGE_TYPE Writes image type information into the DCL
symbol ANALYZE$IMAGE_TYPE. Returns "Shareable"
if the file is a shareable image file.
Returns "Executable" if the file is either an
OpenVMS I64, Alpha, or OpenVMS VAX executable
(nonshareable) image file.
LINK_TIME Writes link time information into the DCL symbol
ANALYZE$LINK_TIME. For image files, returns the
image link time that is stored in the image file,
enclosed in quotation marks.
NAME Writes link time information into the DCL symbol
ANALYZE$NAME. For image files, returns the image
name that is stored in the image file, enclosed
in quotation marks.
VERSION_ Writes the system and component version numbers
NUMBERS into DCL symbols. The DCL symbol names and
(Alpha and values are similar to the printed output of
I64 only) ANALYZE/IMAGE; that is, there is a symbol for
each component. The symbol names consist of the
prefix "ANALYZE$SYS$K_" and the component name
consists of "BASE_IMAGE", "MEMORY_MANAGEMENT",
and so forth. If the analyzed image depends on a
component, the component's version number saved
in the image is also in the corresponding DCL
symbol. The other DCL symbols contain an empty
string. The symbol value, the version, consists
of a major and minor version number, separated by
a dot and enclosed in parantheses.
In addition, if the image runs on the same
platform as Analyze, then the component's version
of the running system are stored in the DCL
symbols. Then, within the parentheses, the image
and system versions are separated by a slash.
In this case, both versions are compared. The
comparision is performed by an LEQUAL check for
major-/minor-IDs. If there is a mismatch, Analyze
prints an informational message. Note also that
the system version is saved in the DCL symbol of
the BASE_IMAGE component.
NOTE
The Analyze utility can work on several files. Because
there is only one set of DCL symbols, the symbols only
contain information from the last analyzed file. When an
error occurs, symbol values are undefined. Check for Analyze
errors first, then use the symbols.
4 – Examples
1.$ ANALYZE/IMAGE LINEDT
The ANALYZE/IMAGE command in this example produces a
description and an error analysis of the image LINEDT.EXE.
Output is sent to the current SYS$OUTPUT device.
2.$ ANALYZE/IMAGE/OUTPUT=LIALPHEX/FIXUP_SECTION/PATCH_TEXT
LINEDT, ALPRIN (VAX and Alpha only)
The ANALYZE/IMAGE command in this example produces a
description and an error analysis of the fixup sections
and patch text records of LINEDT.EXE and ALPRIN.EXE in file
LIALPHEX.ANL. Output is sent to the file LIALPHEX.ANL.
3.$ ANALYZE/IMAGE/SELECT=(ARCH,FILE,NAME,IDENT,BUILD,LINK) *.EXE
DISK:[DIRECTORY]ALPHA.EXE;1
OpenVMS ALPHA
Image
"Test image ALPHA"
"A11-27"
"X5SC-SSB-0000"
14-JUN-2004 07:16:19.24
DISK:[DIRECTORY]VAX.EXE;1
OpenVMS VAX
Image
"Test image VAX"
"V11-27"
""
15-JUN-2004 13:18:40:70
On an Alpha system, this example displays the information
requested about the executable files ALPHA.EXE and VAX.EXE.
4.$ ANALYZE/IMAGE/SELECT=(ARCHITECTURE,IDENT,NAME) HELLO 1
USER:[JOE]HELLO.EXE;1
OpenVMS IA64
"V1.0"
"HELLO"
$
$ SHOW SYMBOL ANALYZE$*
ANALYZE$ARCHITECTURE = "OpenVMS IA64"
ANALYZE$BUILD_IDENTIFICATION = ""
ANALYZE$FILE_TYPE = ""
ANALYZE$IDENTIFICATION = ""V1.0""
ANALYZE$IMAGE_TYPE = ""
ANALYZE$LINKER_IDENTIFICATION = ""
ANALYZE$LINK_TIME = ""
ANALYZE$NAME = ""HELLO""
$
$ ANALYZE/IMAGE/SELECT=(IDENT=(IMAGE,LINKER),IMAGE,LINK) HELLO 2
USER:[JOE]HELLO.EXE;1
"V1.0"
"Linker I01-54"
Executable
7-JUN-2004 11:47:08.10
$
$ SHOW SYMBOL ANALYZE$*
ANALYZE$ARCHITECTURE = ""
ANALYZE$BUILD_IDENTIFICATION = ""
ANALYZE$FILE_TYPE = ""
ANALYZE$IDENTIFICATION = ""V1.0""
ANALYZE$IMAGE_TYPE = "Executable"
ANALYZE$LINKER_IDENTIFICATION = ""Linker I01-54""
ANALYZE$LINK_TIME = " 7-JUN-2004 11:47:08.10"
ANALYZE$NAME = ""
$
$ ANALYZE/IMAGE/SELECT=FILE HELLO.* 3
USER:[JOE]HELLO.C;1
%ANALYZE-E-ILLFIL, Illegal file format encountered
USER:[JOE]HELLO.EXE;1
Image
USER:[JOE]HELLO.MAP;1
%ANALYZE-E-ILLFIL, Illegal file format encountered
USER:[JOE]HELLO.OBJ;1
Object
$
$ SHOW SYMBOL ANALYZE$*
ANALYZE$ARCHITECTURE = ""
ANALYZE$BUILD_IDENTIFICATION = ""
ANALYZE$FILE_TYPE = "Object"
ANALYZE$IDENTIFICATION = ""
ANALYZE$IMAGE_TYPE = ""
ANALYZE$LINKER_IDENTIFICATION = ""
ANALYZE$LINK_TIME = ""
ANALYZE$NAME =
$
This I64 example displays the information requested for the
executable file, HELLO.EXE. The following text is keyed to the
callout numbers at the ends of each ANALYZE/IMAGE command line
in the example:
1 Only the selected information can be found in the DCL
symbols. The information in the symbols is identical to
what is printed to SYS$OUTPUT, that is, if quoted strings
are printed there are quotes strings in the symbol.
2 If the new linker identification is selected, it is
necessary to use IDENT with a keyword list.
3 When using wildcards, errors in the analyzed file (for
example illegal file format errors) do not terminate
Analyze. Only the information from the last analyzed file
can be found in the DCL symbols.