1  EXAMINE
   Displays either the contents of a location or of a range of
   locations in physical memory, or the contents of a register.
   Use location parameters to display specific locations or use
   qualifiers to display the entire process and system regions of
   memory.

   Format

     EXAMINE  [location [/PHYSICAL] | /ALL | /P0 | /P1 | /SYSTEM]

              [/CONDITION_VALUE | /FPSR | /IFS | /ISR | /PFS

              | /PS | /PSL | /PSR | /PTE | /TIME | /[NO]FD |

              /[NO]PD]

              [/NOSUPPRESS]

              [/INSTRUCTION]
 

2  Parameter
 

location

   Location in memory to be examined. A location can be represented
   by any valid SDA expression. To examine a range of locations, use
   the following syntax:

   m:n  Range of locations to be examined, from m to n
   m;n  Range of locations to be examined, starting at m and
        continuing for n bytes

   The default location that SDA uses is initially 0 in the program
   region (P0) of the process that was executing at the time the
   system failed (if you are examining a crash dump) or your process
   (if you are examining the running system). Subsequent uses
   of the EXAMINE command with no parameter specified increase
   the last address examined by eight. Use of the /INSTRUCTION
   qualifier increases the default address by four (for Alpha) or
   16 (for Integrity server). To examine memory locations of other
   processes, you must use the SET PROCESS command.
 

2  Qualifiers
 

/ALL

   Examines all the locations in the program, and control
   regions and system space, displaying the contents of memory
   in hexadecimal longwords and ASCII characters. Do not specify
   parameters when you use this qualifier.
 

/CONDITION_VALUE

   Examines the specified longword, displaying the message that the
   $GETMSG system service obtains for the value in the longword.
 

/FD

      /FD
      /NOFD

   See the description of /PD.
 

/FPSR

   (Integrity servers only) Examines the specified expression in the
   format of a floating-point status register.
 

/IFS

   (Integrity servers only) Examines the specified expression in the
   format of an interruption function state.
 

/INSTRUCTION

   Translates the specified range of memory locations into assembly
   instruction format. Each symbol in the EXAMINE expression that is
   defined as a procedure descriptor is replaced with the code entry
   point address of that procedure, unless you also specify the
   /NOPD qualifier. For Integrity servers only, SDA always displays
   entire bundles of instructions, not individual slots.
 

/ISR

   (Integrity servers only) Examines the specified expression in the
   format of an interruption status register.
 

/NOSUPPRESS

   Inhibits the suppression of zeros when displaying memory with one
   of the following qualifiers: /ALL, /P0, /P1, /SYSTEM, or when a
   range is specified.
 

/P0

   Displays the entire program region for the default process. Do
   not specify parameters when you use this qualifier.
 

/P1

   Displays the entire control region for the default process. Do
   not specify parameters when you use this qualifier.
 

/PD

      /PD
      /NOPD

   Functionally equivalent to /FD and /NOFD.

   Causes the EXAMINE command to treat the location specified in
   the EXAMINE command as a function descriptor (FD) or procedure
   descriptor (PD), depending on the architecture of the system or
   dump being analyzed. /PD can also be used to qualify symbols.

   You can use the /PD and /NOPD qualifiers with the /INSTRUCTION
   qualifier to override treating symbols as function or procedure
   descriptors. Placing the qualifier right after a symbol overrides
   how the symbol is treated. /PD forces it to be a procedure
   descriptor, and /NOPD forces it to not be a procedure descriptor.

   If you place the /PD qualifier right after the /INSTRUCTION
   qualifier, SDA treats the calculated value as a function or
   procedure descriptor. /NOPD has the opposite effect.

   In the following examples, TEST_ROUTINE is a PD symbol. Its value
   is 500 and the code address in this procedure descriptor is 1000.
   The first example displays instructions starting at 520.

   EXAMINE/INSTRUCTION TEST_ROUTINE/NOPD+20

   The next example fetches code address from TEST_ROUTINE PD, adds
   20 and displays instructions at that address. In other words, it
   displays code starting at location 1020.

   EXAMINE/INSTRUCTION TEST_ROUTINE+20

   The final example treats the address TEST_ROUTINE+20 as a
   procedure descriptor, so it fetches the code address out of a
   procedure descriptor at address 520. It then uses that address to
   display instructions.

   EXAMINE/INSTRUCTION/PD TEST_ROUTINE/NOPD+20
 

/PFS

   (Integrity servers only) Examines the specified expression in the
   format of a previous function state.
 

/PHYSICAL

   Examines physical addresses. You cannot use the /PHYSICAL
   qualifier in combination with the /P0, /P1, or /SYSTEM
   qualifiers.
 

/PS

      /PS
      /PSL

   Examines the specified quadword, displaying its contents in the
   format of a processor status. This qualifier must precede any
   parameters used in the command line.
 

/PSR

   (Integrity servers only) Examines the specified expression in the
   format of a processor status register.
 

/PTE

   Interprets and displays the specified quadword as a page table
   entry (PTE). The display separates individual fields of the PTE
   and provides an overall description of the PTE's type.
 

/SYSTEM

   Displays portions of the writable system region. Do not specify
   parameters when you use this qualifier.
 

/TIME

   Examines the specified quadword, displaying its contents in the
   format of a system-date-and-time quadword.